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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Turunen, Kaisa Backnäs, Soile Neitola, Raisa Pasanen, Antti |
| Copyright Year | 2016 |
| Abstract | The behaviour of arsenic (As) derived from tailings was investigated at the Yara Siilinjärvi apatite mine and industrial site in eastern Finland. The study assessed factors influencing the migration and fate of As and compared the anthropogenic As load to the natural geogenic background. Environmental risks related to As were assessed by examining the As concentrations in humus, glacial till, aquatic sediments, groundwater, and surface water. The occurrence and fractionation of As and the presence of secondary precipitates and geochemical transformations in the tailings and in the ambient soil and sediment were evaluated by selective extraction. The water-derived emissions were evaluated by field measurements, hydrogeochemical analysis, and modelling. Results indicate elevated environmental risks due to dust and seepage emissions from the tailings since the concentrations and mobility of As and other potentially harmful elements (PHEs) such as Co, Ni, and Zn were elevated relative to the geogenic background. These elements were mainly associated with Fe (oxy)hydroxides in the soil and their mobility was closely linked to Fe biogeochemistry. Additionally, although the concentrations of As and PHEs were high in the tailings pond and seepage water, they decreased in ambient groundwater and surface water, indicating Fe (oxy)hydroxide stability. This was supported by hydrogeochemical modelling, which indicated precipitation of Fe oxides and hydroxides. According to speciation modelling, As was present mainly as toxic trivalent arsenious acid (H$_{3}$AsO$_{3}$) in groundwater and as the less toxic pentavalent As acid (H$_{2}$AsO$_{4}$ $^{−}$ and HAsO$_{4}$ $^{2−}$) in surface water.Das Verhalten von Arsen (As) in/aus Tailingablagerungen wurde im Yara Siilinjärvi Apatitabbau- und verarbeitungsgebiet (Ostfinnland) untersucht. Die Studie zeigt die Faktoren, welche die Verlagerung und den chem. Abbau von As beeinflussen. Die anthropogene As-Fracht wird mit dem natürlichen, geogenen Hintergrund verglichen. Risiken für die Umwelt durch Arsen werden durch Untersuchungen der As-Konzentration in Humus, glazialem Till, aquatischen Sedimenten sowie im Grund- und Oberflächenwasser ausgewiesen. Das Vorkommen und die Fraktionierung von As und das Auftreten sekundärer Fällungsprodukte sowie geochemischer Transformation in den Tailingablagerungen und in umliegenden Böden und Sedimenten werden durch selektive Extraktionen bestimmt. Die wasserbürtige Emission ist durch Felduntersuchungen, hydrogeochemische Analysen sowie einer Modellierung berechnet worden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen erhöhte Umweltrisiken infolge Staub- und Sickerwasseremissionen aus den Tailingablagerungen, wenn die relativ Konzentration und Mobilität von As sowie weiteren potenziell schädlichen Elementen (PHEs) wie Co, Ni und Zn gegenüber dem geogenen Hintergrund erhöht ist. Diese Elemente sind hauptsächlich an Fe(oxy)hydroxiden der Böden gebunden, wobei ihre Mobilität maßgeblich von der Eisen-Biogeochemie beeinflusst wird. Obwohl die As und PHE-Konzentrationen sowohl in den Tailingablagerungen als auch im Sickerwasser hoch sind, verringern sie sich aufgrund der Fe(oxy)hydroxid-Stabilität im umgebenden Grund- und Oberflächenwasser. Dieses konnte durch hydrogeochemische Modelle nachgewiesen werden, bei denen Fällungen von Fe-oxiden und –hydroxiden berechnet wurden. Die Speziationsmodellierungen zeigten, dass As im Grundwasser hauptsächlich als toxische trivalente arsenige Säure (H$_{3}$AsO$_{3}$), im Oberflächenwasser als weniger toxische pentavalente Arsensäure (H$_{2}$AsO$_{4}$ $^{−}$ und HAsO$_{4}$ $^{2−}$) vorliegt.Se investigó el comportamiento del arsénico (As) proveniente de las colas de la mina de apatita y del sitio industrial Yara Siilinjärvi en el este de Finlandia. El estudio relevó los factores que influyen la migración de As y comparó el As antropogénico agregado al geogénico y que constituye el valor natural (fondo). Los riesgos ambientales relacionados al As se relevaron examinando las concentraciones de As en humus, sedimentos de origen glaciar, sedimentos acuáticos, aguas subterráneas y superficiales. Mediante extracción selectiva, se evaluó la aparición y el fraccionamiento de As, la presencia de precipitados secundarios y las transformaciones en las colas y en suelos y sedimentos. Las emisiones debidas al agua fueron evaluadas por mediciones de campo, análisis hidrogeoquímico y modelado. Los resultados indican elevados riesgos ambientales debido a las emisiones de polvo y las filtraciones desde las colas ya que las concentraciones y la movilidad de As y otros elementos potencialmente peligrosos (PHEs) tales como Co, Ni y Zn fueron relativamente elevados comparándolos con los valores de fondo. Estos elementos estaban principalmente asociados con (oxi)hidróxidos de Fe en el suelo y sus movilidades están fuertemente asociados a la biogeoquímica del Fe. Además, aunque las concentraciones de As y PHEs eran altas en los diques de cola y en las filtraciones de agua, decrecían en las aguas subterráneas y superficiales indicando estabilidad del (oxi)hidróxido de Fe. Esto fue justificado por modelado hidrogeoquímico que indicó la precipitación de óxidos e hidróxidos de Fe. De acuerdo al modelo de especiación, As estaba presente principalmente en estado trivalente y tóxico, como ácido arsenioso, (H3AsO3) en agua subterránea y en formas ácidas en estado pentavalente menos tóxico (H2AsO4- y HAsO42-) en el agua superficial.研究了芬兰Yara Siilinjärvi磷灰矿尾矿中砷(As)的行为特征,评价了影响砷迁移与归宿的因素,对比了人为砷荷载与砷天然背景值。通过检测腐殖质、冰碛物、水生沉淀、地下水和地表水中的砷浓度,评价了砷的污染风险。通过选择性提取分析了尾矿及周围土壤和沉积物中砷的存在、分馏、次生沉淀和化学转化。采用野外监测、水文地球化学分析和水文地球化学模拟等方法评价了尾矿废水特征。结果表明,源自尾矿的粉尘和废水使砷和其它潜在有害元素(PHEs如钴、镍、锌等)的浓度及活性高于背景值,砷的污染风险提高。这些有害元素主要与土壤中铁(氧)氢氧化物有关,而它们的活性与铁的生物地球化学过程密切相关。虽然尾矿库和溶滤液中砷和其它潜在有害元素浓度较高,但它们在周围地下水和地表水中的浓度已经降低,表明铁(氧)氢氧化物已经稳定。水文地球化学模拟能够证明铁氧化物和氢氧化物沉淀、稳定的过程。化学形态分析结果表明,砷在地下水和地表水中的形态分别为有毒的三价砷酸(H$_{3}$A$_{s}$O$_{4}$)和毒性稍弱的五价砷酸(H$_{2}$A$_{s}$O$_{4}$ $^{−}$和HA$_{s}$O$_{4}$ $^{2−}$)。 |
| Starting Page | 407 |
| Ending Page | 420 |
| Page Count | 14 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 10259112 |
| Journal | Mine Water and the Environment |
| Volume Number | 35 |
| Issue Number | 4 |
| e-ISSN | 16161068 |
| Language | Chinese |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Publisher Date | 2016-03-11 |
| Publisher Institution | International Mine Water Association (IMWA) |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Arsenic fractionation Arsenic mobility Soil chemistry Water chemistry Risk assessment Geology Water Quality/Water Pollution Hydrogeology Mineral Resources Ecotoxicology Industrial Pollution Prevention |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Water Science and Technology Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology |
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