NDLI: Mine Closure of Pit Lakes as Terminal Sinks: Best Available Practice When Options are Limited?

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Mine Closure of Pit Lakes as Terminal Sinks: Best Available Practice When Options are Limited?

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	McCullough, Clint D. Marchand, Geneviève Unseld, Jörg
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	In an arid climate, pit lake evaporation rates can exceed influx rates, causing the lake to function as a hydraulic terminal sink, with water levels in the pit remaining below surrounding groundwater levels. We present case studies from Western Australia for two mines nearing closure. At the first site, modelling indicates that waste dump covers for the potentially acid forming (PAF) material would not be successful over the long term (1,000 years or more). The second site is a case study where PAF management is limited by the current waste rock dump location and suitable cover materials. Pit lake water balance modelling using Goldsim software indicated that both pit lakes would function as hydraulic terminal sinks if not backfilled above long-term equilibrium water levels. Poor water quality will likely develop as evapoconcentration increases contaminant concentrations, providing a potential threat to local wildlife. Even so, the best current opportunity to limit the risk of contaminant migration and protect regional groundwater environments may be to limit backfill and intentionally produce a terminal sink pit lake.In aridem Klima ist die Evaporation von Tagebauseen oft höher als die Zuflüsse. In solchen Fällen wirkt der See als endgültige hydraulische Senke, indem der Wasserstand im Tagebau dauerhaft unter dem umgebenden Grundwasserspiegel bleibt. Wir beschreiben zwei Beispiele von Minen in Westaustralien, welche bald geschlossen werden. Im ersten Fall lassen Modelle vermuten, daß die Abdeckung von möglicherweise säurebildenden Halden keine ausreichende Langzeitstabilität (minimal 1000 Jahre) ergäbe. An der zweiten Lokalität ist die Sicherung der möglicherweise säurebildenden Berge durch eine ungünstige Lage der Halde und geeigneten Abdeckmaterials eingeschränkt. Die Modellierung des Wasserhaushaltes der Tagebauseen mit dem Goldsim Programm indiziert, daß beide Seen als endgültige hydraulische Senken fungieren können, wenn die Füllung mit Bergen unter dem Wasserstand langfristiger Gleichgewichtsbedingungen bleibt. Die Wasserqualität wird allerdings durch Evapokonzentration abnehmen, mit möglichen Gefahren für die lokale Tierwelt. Trotzdem ist zur Zeit die Begrenzung der Wiederverfüllung und die bewußte Herstellung eines terminalen Restsees die beste Möglichkeit, das Risiko eines Schadstoffaustrages zu begrenzen und das regionale Grundwasser zu schützen.En un clima árido, las velocidades de evaporación del lago del pozo de la mina pueden superar las velocidades de entrada de agua, causando que el lago funcione como el sector terminal del flujo hidráulico con sus niveles de agua por debajo de los niveles del agua subterránea de los alrededores. Presentamos el estudio de casos en el oeste de Australia para dos minas cercanas al cierre. Para el primer caso, los modelos indican que la cobertura del material de las colas mineras para evitar la posible formación de ácido (PAF) no sería exitosa en el largo plazo (1000 años o más). En el segundo caso, el manejo del PAF está limitado por la actual localización de las colas y los materiales adecuados para su cobertura. El balance de agua modelado usando el software Goldsim indicó que ambos lagos de pozos de minas actuarían como terminales hidráulicos si no se rellena por encima de los niveles de equilibrio de largo plazo del agua. La evaporación incrementa las concentraciones de los contaminantes siendo la pobre calidad del agua una potencial amenaza para la vida silvestre local. Aún así, la mejor oportunidad que se posee actualmente para limitar el riesgo de migración de contaminantes y proteger el agua subterránea circundante puede ser limitar el relleno e intencionalmente producir un lago en el pozo que sea el terminal hídrico.在干旱地区,当坑湖水蒸量超水量,坑湖水位将低于周地下水水位,而成地下水排泄的点。本文研究了西澳大利两个即将的井。第一个井的模果表明,防止潜在酸(PAF)的排土盖材料将在1000年或更的之后失效。第二个井的潜在酸能力(PAF)受目前排土位置和盖材料的影响。坑湖的Goldsim水均衡算果表明,如果两个坑不被回填至期水均衡水位之上,它将最展成地下水排泄点。蒸作用会提高染物度、化水,当地野生物生存构成潜在威。即便如此,目前限制染物迁移、保区域地下水境的最佳却是限制回填和有意形成一定的坑湖
Starting Page	302
Ending Page	313
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10259112
Journal	Mine Water and the Environment
Volume Number	32
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	16161068
Language	Chinese
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2013-07-16
Publisher Institution	International Mine Water Association (IMWA)
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	AMD Backfill Closure Evaporative Groundwater sink Through-flow Geology Hydrogeology Sedimentology Energy Economics Ecotoxicology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Water Science and Technology Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology

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