NDLI: Evaporative Mine Water Controls on Natural Revegetation of Placer Gold Mines, Southern New Zealand

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Evaporative Mine Water Controls on Natural Revegetation of Placer Gold Mines, Southern New Zealand

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Druzbicka, J. Rufaut, C. Craw, D.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Surface and ground water runoff is controlled by impermeable substrates exposed by mining at two abandoned historic placer gold mines. The arid climate at these sites ensures that much of the mine water evaporates on these impermeable substrates to leave saline residues that include halite and bloedite encrustations up to 1 cm thick. Mine water compositions were reconstructed by leaching of the substrates. The dissolved load in the mine waters was derived primarily from marine aerosols in rainwater, with a minor component from water–rock interaction in the mines. Salination of the sites from mine water runoff has taken <100 years, and the saline soils have limited the colonisation of tall native and exotic plants. Instead, the mine soils now support a distinctive and rare inland salt-tolerant ecosystem with low-growing plants, and this natural rehabilitation has resulted in enhanced biodiversity for the area. Natural rehabilitation may be an appropriate management strategy for mines located in similar geological settings nearby, and elsewhere in the world.In zwei ehemaligen Goldseifenbergwerken wurden durch den Bergbau Grundwasserstauer freigelegt, die den Oberflächen- und Grundwasser-abfluss steuern. Das trockene Klima dieser Region führt dazu, dass der Großteil des Grubenwassers auf dieser undurchlässigen Schicht verdunstet. Die sich bildenden etwa 1 cm dicken Salzrückstände bestehen aus Halit und Blödit. Die chemische Zusammensetzung des Grubenwassers wurde durch Auslaugung der Substrate ermittelt. Die gelösten Feststoffe des Grubenwassers stammen im Wesentlichen aus marinen Aerosolen des Regenwassers. Ein kleiner Teil ist auf die Wechselwirkung zwischen Wasser und Gestein zurückzuführen. Die Versalzung des Gebietes durch den Grubenwasserabfluss erfolgte in weniger als 100 Jahren. Die Salzrückstände verhindern die Ansiedlung von großen einheimischen und exotischen Pflanzen. Der bergbaubeeinflusste Boden unterstützt ein charakteristisches salztolerantes Ökosystem mit langsam wachsenden Pflanzen. Diese natürliche Rehabilitation hat zu einer erhöhten Biodiversität des Gebietes geführt. Die natürliche Rehabilitation kann eine geeignete Strategie für Bergbaugebiete mit ähnlichen geologischen Bedingungen sein.El escurrimiento de agua subterránea y agua superficial es controlado por sustratos ubicados sobre sustratos impermeables y expuestos por las prácticas mineras en dos sitios históricos de minas de oro actualmente abandonadas. El clima árido de estos sitios asegura que mayoritariamente el agua de mina ubicada sobre sustratos impermeables, se evapora dejando residuos salinos que incluyen incrustaciones de halita y bloedita de hasta 1 cm de espesor. Las composiciones del agua de minas se reconstruyeron por lixiviación de los sustratos. La carga disuelta en las aguas de mina derivada principalmente de aerosoles marinos en el agua de lluvia con un componente menor proveniente de la interacción roca-agua en las minas. La salinización de los sitios por escurrimiento del agua de mina ha tomado menos de 100 años y los suelos salinos han limitado la colonización por plantas nativas y exóticas. En su lugar, los suelos de mina ahora soportan un ecosistema particular que es halo-tolerante con plantas de bajo crecimiento y la rehabilitación natural ha provocado un incremento en la biodiversidad en el área. La rehabilitación natural puede ser una apropiada estrategia para minas localizadas en configuraciones geológicas similares en zonas cercanas y en cualquier lugar del mundo.隔水下垫层控制着当地的地表和地下径流,两个废弃的砂积金矿揭露了该下垫层。干旱气候使矿井水在隔水下垫层上大量蒸发,生成含盐残余物,结成1cm厚的盐岩和白钠镁矾硬壳。下垫层的溶滤作用改变了矿井水化学成分。矿井水中的溶解荷载主要源自雨水中的海相气溶胶和少量矿井中的水-盐反应产物。径流形式排泄的矿井水盐化不足100年。盐碛土限制了本地和外来高大植被发育。然而,采矿扰动土壤维系着极具特色的、稀有的内地耐盐生态系统和低矮植被生长。这种自然修复功能丰富了当地生物多样性。自然修复不失为当地或全球其它类似地质背景地区矿井的合理管理策略。
Starting Page	375
Ending Page	387
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10259112
Journal	Mine Water and the Environment
Volume Number	34
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	16161068
Language	Chinese
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2014-10-31
Publisher Institution	International Mine Water Association (IMWA)
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Groundwater Runoff Evaporation Salination Flora Geology Hydrogeology Water Quality/Water Pollution Energy Economics Ecotoxicology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Water Science and Technology Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology

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