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Should aphids attract or repel ants? Effect of rival aphids and extrafloral nectaries on ant–aphid interactions

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Population Ecology : Volume 42, Issue 1, April 2000

Population Ecology : Volume 41

Population Ecology : Volume 40

Population Ecology : Volume 39

Should aphids attract or repel ants? Effect of rival aphids and extrafloral nectaries on ant–aphid interactions

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Sakata, H. Hashimoto, Y.
Copyright Year	2000
Abstract	Among plants and herbivores, two types of conflicts occur in relation to mutualism with ants: one is competition for ant mutualism among myrmecophilous herbivores and plants, and the other is the conflict whether to attract or repel ants between myrmecophiles and nonmyrmecophiles that are damaged by ants. We investigated the extent to which two species of aphids (Megoura crassicauda and Aphis craccivora) and extrafloral nectaries on their host plant (Vicia faba var. minor) interact with one another for their relationships with ants. We designed an experiment where ants can choose to visit seedlings colonized by (1) M. crassicauda, (2) A. cracivora, (3) both aphid species, or (4) neither aphid species. Ants preferred A. craccivora to extrafloral nectaries and avoided tending M. crassicauda. We also analyzed the population growth of each aphid when it coexists with (1) ants, (2) the other aphid species, (3) ants and the other aphid species, or (4) neither of them. Under ant-free conditions, we detected an exploitative competition between the two aphid species. The ants had no significant effect on the population of A. craccivora, whereas they had negative effects on the population growth of M. crassicauda by attacking some individuals. When both aphids coexisted, M. crassicauda suffered ant attack more intensely because A. craccivora attracted more ants than extrafloral nectaries despite ant-repelling by M. crassicauda. On the other hand, the ants benefited A. craccivora by eliminating its competitor. To avoid ant attack, aphids may have been selected either to be more attractive to ants than other sympatric sugar sources or to repel the ants attracted to them. We hypothesize that competition among sympatric sugar sources including rival aphids and extrafloral nectaries is a factor restricting aphids to be myrmecophilous.
Starting Page	171
Ending Page	178
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14383896
Journal	Population Ecology
Volume Number	42
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	1438390X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2000-09-27
Publisher Place	Tokyo
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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