NDLI: Change in the relative contributions of habit and working memory facilitates serial reversal learning expertise in rhesus monkeys

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Change in the relative contributions of habit and working memory facilitates serial reversal learning expertise in rhesus monkeys

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Hassett, Thomas C. Hampton, Robert R.
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	Functionally distinct memory systems likely evolved in response to incompatible demands placed on learning by distinct environmental conditions. Working memory appears adapted, in part, for conditions that change frequently, making rapid acquisition and brief retention of information appropriate. In contrast, habits form gradually over many experiences, adapting organisms to contingencies of reinforcement that are stable over relatively long intervals. Serial reversal learning provides an opportunity to simultaneously examine the processes involved in adapting to rapidly changing and relatively stable contingencies. In serial reversal learning, selecting one of the two simultaneously presented stimuli is positively reinforced, while selection of the other is not. After a preference for the positive stimulus develops, the contingencies of reinforcement reverse. Naïve subjects adapt to such reversals gradually, perseverating in selection of the previously rewarded stimulus. Experts reverse rapidly according to a win-stay, lose-shift response pattern. We assessed whether a change in the relative control of choice by habit and working memory accounts for the development of serial reversal learning expertise. Across three experiments, we applied manipulations intended to attenuate the contribution of working memory but leave the contribution of habit intact. We contrasted performance following long and short intervals in Experiments 1 and 2, and we interposed a competing cognitive load between trials in Experiment 3. These manipulations slowed the acquisition of reversals in expert subjects, but not naïve subjects, indicating that serial reversal learning expertise is facilitated by a shift in the control of choice from passively acquired habit to actively maintained working memory.
Starting Page	485
Ending Page	497
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14359448
Journal	Animal Cognition
Volume Number	20
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	14359456
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2017-02-09
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Serial reversal learning Memory systems Working memory Habit memory Rhesus monkeys Win-stay Lose-shift Behavioral Sciences Zoology Psychology Research
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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