NDLI: Understanding of and reasoning about object–object relationships in long-tailed macaques?

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Schloegl, Christian Waldmann, Michael R. Fischer, Julia
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Diagnostic reasoning, defined as the ability to infer unobserved causes based on the observation of their effects, is a central cognitive competency of humans. Yet, little is known about diagnostic reasoning in non-human primates, and what we know is largely restricted to the Great Apes. To track the evolutionary history of these skills within primates, we investigated long-tailed macaques’ understanding of the significance of inclinations of covers of hidden food as diagnostic indicators for the presence of an object located underneath. Subjects were confronted with choices between different objects that might cover food items. Based on their physical characteristics, the shape and orientation of the covers did or did not reveal the location of a hidden reward. For instance, hiding the reward under a solid board led to its inclination, whereas a hollow cup remained unaltered. Thus, the type of cover and the occurrence or absence of a change in their appearance could potentially be used to reason diagnostically about the location of the reward. In several experiments, the macaques were confronted with a varying number of covers and their performance was dependent on the level of complexity and on the type of change of the covers’ orientation. The macaques could use a board’s inclination to detect the reward, but failed to do so if the lack of inclination was indicative of an alternative hiding place. We suggest that the monkeys’ performance is based on a rudimentary understanding of causality, but find no good evidence for sophisticated diagnostic reasoning in this particular domain.
Starting Page	493
Ending Page	507
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14359448
Journal	Animal Cognition
Volume Number	16
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	14359456
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2013-02-17
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Long-tailed macaque Diagnostic reasoning Inference Monkey Causality Object knowledge Behavioural Sciences Zoology Human Physiology Evolutionary Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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Erratum to: Understanding of and reasoning about object–object relationships in long‐tailed macaques?

Understanding of and reasoning about object–object relationships in long-tailed macaques?

Erratum to: Understanding of and reasoning about object–object relationships in long‐tailed macaques?

Understanding of and reasoning about object–object relationships in long-tailed macaques?

Erratum to: Understanding of and reasoning about object–object relationships in long‐tailed macaques?

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