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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Justo, José L. Castro, Daniel Azañón, José M. Saura, Juan Durand, Percy Romero, Enrique Vázquez Carretero, Narciso Morales Esteban, Antonio Vázquez Boza, Manuel Justo, Enrique |
| Copyright Year | 2013 |
| Abstract | The wire meshes described herein are anchored flexible steel nets used for slope stabilisation. They enable post-tensioned loads to be transmitted to the ground through anchors. The objective of this work is to consider the design of these systems and their environmental impact. Extensive laboratory tests on normalised meshes were conducted in order to assess their parameters in simulated field conditions. The simple theoretical equations employed by the specialised enterprises for design are presented. The design is applied to San Pedro Cliff, a unique geological transgression. It is a dihedral, 65.5 m (215 ft) high, which has progressed to place itself at a distance of 23.8 m (78 ft) from the Alhambra palace that is a World Heritage site. The western part of the cliff is a fault-line scarp, modified by river erosion and latterly by successive slab falls. Stability analyses suggest that the factor of safety of this slope under 1,000-year return period earthquake loading may drop below 1.0 and the critical slip surface could penetrate the Alhambra walls. To raise the safety factor up to 1.0 and to counteract extensional stress in the cliff, a solution with minimal visual impact is proposed, consisting of a high-yield-stress wire mesh, post-tensioned by anchors and coloured to blend with the cliff. Two-dimensional finite element analyses have allowed testing the design methods indicated above. It is shown that the simple methods used up to now have many shortcomings.Les filets décrits dans le présent article sont des treillis flexibles à fil d’acier ancrés au rocher sain et utilisés pour la stabilisation des pentes. Ils permettent de transmettre des efforts de précontrainte au terrain par l’intermédiaire d’ancrage. Ce travail a pour but les problèmes posés par la conception et l’impact de ces ouvrages sur l’environnement. On a effectué de nombreux essais en laboratoire sur des treillis normalisés afin d’évaluer les paramètres de leur comportement dans les conditions in situ. Les équations de dimensionnement employées par les entreprises appelées à installer ces systèmes sont présentées, et ont été appliquées dans le cas de la sécurisation de la falaise de San Pedro; laquelle résulte d’une transgression géologique exceptionnelle. La géométrie des désordres se présente sous la forme d’un dièdre de 65 m de hauteur qui a progressé dans le temps pour se retrouver, actuellement, à 23,8 m des remparts et des palais de l’Alhambra, inscrits au patrimoine de l’UNESCO. La partie ouest de la falaise est un escarpement de ligne de faille, modifié par les crues fluviales du Darro et, plus récemment, par des chutes de dalles rocheuses. Les analyses de stabilité indiquent que le coefficient de sécurité de la pente pourrait descendre, en cas de tremblements de terre (avec période de retour millénaire) en dessous de 1,0. Et cela avec pour corollaire l’apparition d’une surface de glissement intégrant les murailles de l’Alhambra. Afin de ramener ce coefficient de sécurité à 1,0 et neutraliser les tensions au sein de la falaise, il a été proposé de sécuriser cette dernière avec des systèmes de filets ancrés au rocher et précontraints. Des analyses aux éléments finis en 2D ont permis d’évaluer les méthodes de dimensionnement proposées par les entreprises et démontrer que celles-ci pouvaient présenter des lacunes. |
| Starting Page | 667 |
| Ending Page | 685 |
| Page Count | 19 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14359529 |
| Journal | Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology - Bulletin de l'Association Internationale de Géologie de l'Ingénieur |
| Volume Number | 73 |
| Issue Number | 2 |
| e-ISSN | 14359537 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Publisher Date | 2013-11-16 |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Treillis métallique Ancrages Stabilisation des talus Faille normale La Alhambra Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics Geoecology/Natural Processes Nature Conservation |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Geology Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology |
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