NDLI: A questionnaire for measuring presence in virtual environments: factor analysis of the presence questionnaire and adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Silva, Gustavo R. Donat, Júlia C. Rigoli, Marcelo M. Oliveira, Fernando R. Kristensen, Christian H.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	The increasing use of virtual reality (VR) environments in different domains of research and psychotherapy offers advantages over traditional treatment approaches. However, in order to feel immersed and involved by the VR experience, participants require VR scenarios that promote the subjective feeling of “being there,” i.e., presence. The most utilized mean of operationalization of presence is through self-report scales and questionnaires. This article aims to report the translation and adaptation of the presence questionnaire (PQ) into Brazilian Portuguese, comparing the factorial distribution of the adapted version with the original PQ. Translation and back-translations were conducted by a team of Brazilian psychologists and computer science professionals with experience on the field. Participants (n = 100) answered the Brazilian version of the questionnaire after wearing a head-mounted display (HMD) and driving a virtual automobile in a VR scenario. The principal component analysis of the translated version generated factors consistently with the original study; however, items that had equivocal construct adequacy in the original PQ changed factors. The factor structure of the PQ is discussed. The growing use of VR environments requires instruments assessing the presence of immersed individuals, and the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PQ appears to be a viable option.
Starting Page	237
Ending Page	242
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13594338
Journal	Virtual Reality
Volume Number	20
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14349957
Language	English
Publisher	Springer London
Publisher Date	2016-09-06
Publisher Place	London
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Presence Virtual reality Presence questionnaire Translation Adaptation Computer Graphics Computing Methodologies Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) Image Processing and Computer Vision
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Human-Computer Interaction Software

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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