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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Prasad, Awadhesh Simmons, Craig T. |
| Copyright Year | 2004 |
| Abstract | Variable-density transport models are typically tested by comparing model output with the results of three standard test cases: (1) the HYDROCOIN Level 1, Case 5 “salt dome” problem—Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD 1988), (2) the Henry (1964) approximate analytic solution for steady-state saltwater intrusion and (3) the Elder (1967) problem for complex natural convection where fluid flow is driven purely by fluid-density differences. The complex flow phenomena that result in many variable-density flow problems often means that the intercode testing (and the evaluation of results from variable-density flow models more generally) is largely limited to a visual inspection of isochlor distributions. Visual inspection can often be quite subjective, prone to errors and may not allow easy detection of discrepancies, especially when they are small. Moreover, a match of certain isochlors at a number of prescribed time intervals does not necessarily enure the model is adequately tested. Recently, the well-studied Elder problem has been the subject of significant discussion in the research literature. Authors such as Diersch and Kolditz (2002) have shown that the solutions obtained to the Elder problem are dependent upon the level of grid discretization used. Simpson and Clement (2003) stated that the results of the Elder problem can only be matched in a qualitative sense because the problem is highly sensitive to discretization. In this paper, a number of quantitative indicators are developed that can be used for a more rigorous quantitative evaluation of results of variable-density flow models. They may also find application in future model benchmarking practice.Utilisation d’indicateurs quantitatifs pour l’évaluation de modèles d’écoulement à densité variable de l’eau souterraine. On évalue généralement les modèles de transport à densité variable en comparant les résultats obtenus grâce à ces modèles aux résultats de trois essais standards: (1) le problème «dôme de sel» HYDROCOIN, niveau 1, cas 5—Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE 1988), (2) la solution analytique approximative de Henry (1964) pour l’intrusion d’eau salée en régime permanent, et (3) le problème de Elder (1976) pour la convection naturelle complexe, où l’écoulement du fluide est engendré par les seules différences de densité. Les phénomènes complexes d’écoulement qui résultent de plusieurs problèmes d’écoulement à densité variable signifient souvent que la comparaison entre codes (et l’évaluation des résultats des modèles d’écoulement à densité variable en général) est largement limitée à l’inspection visuelle des isocontours. L’inspection visuelle peut souvent être assez subjective, elle peut comporter des erreurs, et il peut être difficile, par ce moyen, de détecter des différences, surtout lorsqu’elles sont faibles. De plus, la vérification des isocontours pour un nombre déterminé d’intervalles de temps ne garantit pas que le modèle ait été mis à l’épreuve de façon satisfaisante. Récemment, le modèle élaboré de Elder a été l’objet de plusieurs discussions significatives dans la littérature de la recherche. Des auteurs comme Diersch and Kolditz (2002) ont démontré que les solutions obtenues pour le problème d’Elder dépendaient du niveau de discrétisation du maillage utilisé. Simpson et Clement (2003) ont affirmé que les résultats du problème d’Elder pouvaient seulement être comparés d’une manière qualitative, puisque la discrétisation influe de manière marquée sur le problème. Dans cet article, une série d’indicateurs quantitatifs sont mis sur pied pour permettre une utilisation plus rigoureuse de l’évaluation quantitative des résultats de modèles d’écoulement à densité variable. Ces indicateurs pourraient également trouver leur utilité dans la pratique de la calibration des modèles.Utilización de indicadores cuantitativos para evaluar los resultados de modelos de flujo de aguas subterráneas de densidad variable. Los modelos de transporte de densidad variable se prueban típicamente mediante la comparación de los resultados del modelo con los resultados de tres casos de prueba estándar: (1) el problema de “domo de sal” HYDROCOIN nivel 1, caso 5—Organización de desarrollo y cooperación económica (OECD 1988), (2) la solución analítica aproximada de Henry (1964) para la intrusión de sal en estado constante y (3) el problema de Elder (1967) para la convexión natural compleja donde el flujo de fluido es determinado únicamente por las diferencias de densidad entre fluidos. Los fenómenos de flujo complejo que resultan en varios problemas de flujo de densidad variable con frecuencia significan que las pruebas de intercodificación (y la evaluación de resultados de modelos de flujo de densidad variable más generalmente) se limita principalmente a una inspección visual de las distribuciones de la intrusión de agua salada. La inspección visual con frecuencia puede ser bastante subjetiva, propensa a errores y es posible que no permita detectar fácilmente las discrepancias, especialmente cuando son pequeñas. Más aún, la concordancia de ciertas intrusiones de agua salada en un número de intervalos de tiempo prescritos no necesariamente asegura que el modelo haya sido probado adecuadamente. Recientemente, el bien estudiado problema de Elder ha sido objeto de discusiones siginificativas en la literatura de investigación. Los autores tales como Diersch y Kolditz (2002) han mostrado que las soluciones obtenidas para el problema Elder dependen del nivel de discretización de mallas utilizado. Simpson y Clement (2003) afirman que los resultados del probelma de Elder se pueden corrobar únicamente en un sentido cualitativo porque el problema es sumamente sensible a la discretización. En este artículo se ha desarrollado un número de indicadores cuantitativos que pueden ser utlizados para una evaluación cuantitativa más rigurosa de los resultados de los modelos de flujo de densidad variable. Es posible que también se puedan aplicar en el futuro para prácticas de modelos de “benchmarking”. |
| Starting Page | 905 |
| Ending Page | 914 |
| Page Count | 10 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 13 |
| Issue Number | 5-6 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2004-08-13 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Variable-density Model testing Instability Elder problem Quantitative indicator |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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