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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Walsh, Virginia Price, René M. |
| Copyright Year | 2010 |
| Abstract | Two deep-well injection sites in south Florida, USA, inject an average of 430 million liters per day (MLD) of treated domestic fresh wastewater into a deep saline aquifer 900 m below land surface. Elevated levels of NH$_{3}$ (highest concentration 939 µmol) in the overlying aquifer above ambient concentrations (concentration less than 30 µmol) were evidence of the upward migration of injected fluids. Three pathways were distinguished based on ammonium, chloride and bromide ratios, and temperature. At the South District Wastewater Treatment Plant, the tracer ratios showed that the injectate remained chemically distinct as it migrated upwards through rapid vertical pathways via density-driven buoyancy. The warmer injectate (mean 28°C) retained the temperature signal as it vertically migrated upwards; however, the temperature signal did not persist as the injectate moved horizontally into the overlying aquifers. Once introduced, the injectate moved slowly horizontally through the aquifer and mixed with ambient water. At the North District Wastewater Treatment Plant, data provide strong evidence of a one-time pulse of injectate into the overlying aquifers due to improper well construction. No evidence of rapid vertical pathways was observed at the North District Wastewater Treatment Plant.En Floride du Sud, USA, deux puits profonds injectent dans un aquifère salé à 900 m sous la surface du sol une moyenne quotidienne de 430 millions de litres d’eau usée domestique traitée. Des concentrations élevées en NH$_{3}$ dans l’aquifère supérieur (concentration maximale 939 µmol), dépassant les valeurs locales (concentration inférieure à 30 µmol) sont des indicateurs de migration ascendante de l’effluent injecté. Trois trajectoires ont été identifiées sur la base des ratios ammonium, chlore et brome, température. Dans l’usine de traitement du District Sud, les ratios traceurs montrent que l’effluent reste chimiquement distinct quand il migre rapidement et verticalement par densité. La migration verticale de l’effluent chaud (moyenne 28°C) est signalée par sa température. La température ne se maintient pas lorsque l’effluent se déplace horizontalement dans l’aquifère supérieur. Une fois introduit, l’effluent se déplace horizontalement dans l’aquifère, se mélangeant avec l’eau en place. Dans l’usine de traitement du District Nord, des données démontrent une injection instantanée de l’effluent dans l’aquifère supérieur en raison d’une construction imparfaite du puits. Dans cette usine, aucun indice de trajectoire verticale rapide n’a été observé.En dos sitios de inyección en pozos profundos, localizados en el sur de Florida, EEUU, se inyecta un promedio de 430 millones de litros por día de agua residual dulce doméstica tratada en un acuífero salino profundo 900 metros debajo de la superficie del terreno. Los elevados niveles de NH$_{3}$ (la concentración mayor de 939 µmol) en el acuífero suprayacente por encima de concentraciones ambientales (concentración menor que 30 µmol) fueron evidencias de una migración ascendente de los fluidos inyectados. Se diferenciaron tres trayectorias basadas en las relaciones entre amonio, cloruro y bromuro, y la temperatura. En la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales del Distrito del Sur, las relaciones de los trazadores mostraron que la inyección permanecía químicamente diferenciada a medida que migraba a través de trayectorias rápidas verticales vía la flotabilidad gobernada por la densidad. La inyección más cálida (promedio 28°C) retuvo la señal de la temperatura a medida que verticalmente migraba hacia arriba, mientras que la señal de la temperatura no persistió cuando la inyección se movió horizontalmente dentro de los acuíferos suprayacentes. Una vez introducida, la inyección se movió lentamente en forma horizontal a través del acuífero y se mezcló con el agua ambiental. En la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales del Distrito Norte, los datos proveen una fuerte evidencia de un pulso único de inyección dentro de los acuíferos suprayacentes debido a la inadecuada construcción del pozo. No se observó ninguna evidencia de rápida trayectoria vertical en la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales del Distrito Norte.Dois locais de injecção em furos profundos no sul da Florida, EUA, injectam uma média de 430 milhões de litros por dia de água residual doméstica tratada num aquífero salino profundo, a 900 metros de profundidade. Os níveis elevados de NH$_{3}$ (concentração máxima 939 µmol) no aquífero suprajacente, acima das concentrações habituais (inferiores a 30 µmol), evidenciam a migração ascendente dos fluidos injectados. Identificaram-se três percursos com base nas relações entre os iões amónia, cloreto, brometo, e na temperatura. Na Estação de Tratamento de Águas Residuais de South District, as relações entre os traçadores evidenciam que o fluido injectado continua quimicamente distinto à medida que migra para a superfície através de rápidos percursos ascensionais impulsionados pela diferença de densidades. O fluido quente injectado (média de 28°C) retém o marcador de temperatura à medida que o líquido migra verticalmente para cima; contudo, o marcador de temperatura não persiste no movimento horizontal para os aquíferos superiores. Uma vez introduzido, o fluido injectado move-se lentamente na horizontal através do aquífero e é misturado com a água desse ambiente. Na Estação de Tratamento de South District, os dados obtidos evidenciam claramente que o fluido injectado nos aquíferos superiores é devido a erros de construção do furo. Não há evidência de percursos rápidos verticais na Estação de Tratamento de South District. |
| Starting Page | 1027 |
| Ending Page | 1042 |
| Page Count | 16 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 18 |
| Issue Number | 4 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2010-02-10 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Waste disposal Deep well injection Carbonate rocks Confining units Ammonia Temperature USA Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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