NDLI: Groundwater flood of a river terrace in southwest Wisconsin, USA

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Gotkowitz, Madeline B. Attig, John W. McDermott, Thomas
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Intense rainstorms in 2008 resulted in wide-spread flooding across the Midwestern United States. In Wisconsin, floodwater inundated a 17.7-km$^{2}$ area on an outwash terrace, 7.5 m above the mapped floodplain of the Wisconsin River. Surface-water runoff initiated the flooding, but results of field investigation and modeling indicate that rapid water-table rise and groundwater inundation caused the long-lasting flood far from the riparian floodplain. Local geologic and geomorphic features of the landscape lead to spatial variability in runoff and recharge to the unconfined sand and gravel aquifer, and regional hydrogeologic conditions increased groundwater discharge from the deep bedrock aquifer to the river valley. Although reports of extreme cases of groundwater flooding are uncommon, this occurrence had significant economic and social costs. Local, state and federal officials required hydrologic analysis to support emergency management and long-term flood mitigation strategies. Rapid, sustained water-table rise and the resultant flooding of this high-permeability aquifer illustrate a significant aspect of groundwater system response to an extreme precipitation event. Comprehensive land-use planning should encompass the potential for water-table rise and groundwater flooding in a variety of hydrogeologic settings, as future changes in climate may impact recharge and the water-table elevation.D’intenses précipitations en 2008 ont donné lieu à de larges étendues inondées dans la partie centrale occidentale des Etats Unis d’Amérique. Dans l’Etat du Wisconsin, les inondations ont couvert une surface de 17.7 km$^{2}$ impactant une terrasse alluviale, située 7.5 m au-dessus de la plaine d’inondation cartographiée pour la rivière du Wisconsin. Le ruissellement a initié l’inondation, mais les résultats des investigations de terrain et la modélisation indiquent que l’augmentation rapide du niveau piézométrique et l’inondation par remontée de nappe sont à l’origine de la longue durée de l’inondation qui a impacté des zones éloignées de la plaine d’inondation riparienne. Les caractéristiques locales géologiques et géomorphologiques du terrain conduisent à une variabilité spatiale du ruissellement et de la recharge d’un aquifère libre sablo-graveleux, et les conditions hydrogéologiques régionales ont conduit à une décharge d’eau souterraine provenant de l’aquifère profond dans la vallée de la rivière. Bien que peu de cas extrêmes d’inondation par remontée d’eau souterraine ne soient rapportés, cet événement a eu des conséquences économiques et sociales importantes en termes de coûts. Les fonctionnaires locaux, d’Etat et fédéraux ont demandé des analyses hydrologiques afin de mettre en place des stratégies de gestion des situations d’urgence et d’atténuation des inondations sur le long terme. Une remontée rapide du niveau piézométrique et l’inondation résultante provenant de cet aquifère à forte perméabilité illustre un aspect important de la réponse du système des eaux souterraines à un événement extrême de précipitations. Une planification complète de l’utilisation des terres devrait englober la caractérisation des remontées potentielles du niveau piézométrique et de l’inondation par remontée de nappe pour une variété de contextes hydrogéologiques, ainsi que les changements climatiques futurs pouvant impacter la recharge et l’augmentation du niveau piézométrique.Las intensas tormentas de lluvias en 2008 provocaron inundaciones generalizadas a través del medio oeste de Estados Unidos. En Wisconsin, las crecidas inundaron un área de 17.7-km$^{2}$ en una terraza glacifluvial, 7.5 m por encima de la planicie de inundación mapeada del Río Wisconsin. El escurrimiento de agua superficial inició la inundación, pero los resultados de la investigación de campo y el modelado indicaron que el rápido ascenso del nivel freático y la inundación de agua subterránea provocaron inundaciones de larga duración lejos de la planicie de inundación ripariana. Las características geológicas y geomorfológicas locales del paisaje conducen a una variabilidad espacial en el escurrimiento y recarga hacia el acuífero de arena y grave no confinado, y las condiciones hidrogeológicas regionales incrementaron la descarga de agua subterránea del acuífero profundo del basamento hacia el valle del río. Aunque informes de casos extremos de inundaciones de agua subterráneas son poco comunes, este acontecimiento tuvo costos sociales y económicos significativos. Funcionarios locales, estatales y federales requirieron un análisis hidrológico para apoyar el manejo de la emergencia y de las estrategias de mitigación a largo plazo de las inundaciones. El ascenso rápido y sostenido de la capa freática y las inundaciones resultantes de estos acuíferos de alta permeabilidad ilustran un aspecto significativo de la respuesta del sistema de agua subterránea a un evento de precipitación extrema. Una planificación integral del uso del suelo debe incluir el potencial ascenso del nivel freático y la inundación por el agua subterránea en una disparidad de configuraciones hidrogeológicas, debido a que cambios futuros en el clima pueden impactar la recarga y la elevación del nivel freático.2008年强烈的暴雨使美国中西部大面积洪水泛滥。在威斯康辛州,洪水淹没了冰水沉积阶地大约17.7平方公里的区域,这个冰水沉积阶地比威斯康辛河泛滥平原高7.5米。地表水径流引起了洪水泛滥,但野外调查结果和模拟结果显示水位快速上升及地下水泛滥导致远离河边泛滥平原持久的洪灾。当地地形的地质和地貌特征导致径流和对非承压砂砾层含水层的补给空间上变化很大,区域水文地质条件使深层基岩含水层地下水排泄到河谷的量大大增加。尽管地下水洪灾极端事例的报告不多,但这种事件的发生大大增加了经济和社会成本。当地、州和联邦官员需要水文分析来支持紧急管理和长期洪水防护战略。这个透水性高的含水层快速、持久水位上升及造成的洪水泛滥显示了地下水系统对极端降水事件反应的一个重要方面。综合土地利用规划应当包含各种水文地质背景下水位上升和地下水泛滥的可能性,因为将来气候变化可能影响补给量和水位高程。Tempestades de chuvas intensas em 2008 resultaram em inundações extensas no centro ocidental dos Estados Unidos. No Wisconsin, as águas das cheias inundaram uma área de 17.7 km$^{2}$ num terraço de sedimentos transportados e depositados pelas águas de degelo, situado 7.5 m acima da planície de inundação mapeada do rio Wisconsin. O escoamento de águas superficiais iniciou a inundação, mas os resultados das investigações de campo e da modelação indicam que a subida rápida do nível freático e a inundação de águas subterrâneas causaram as cheias de longa duração afastadas da planície de inundação ripária. As caraterísticas geológicas e geomorfológicas locais conduziram à variabilidade espacial do escoamento direto e da recarga do aquífero livre arenoso e cascalhento, e as condições hidrogeológicas regionais aumentaram a descarga de águas subterrâneas do aquífero profundo rochoso para o vale do rio. Apesar dos relatos de casos extremos de inundações de águas subterrâneas serem pouco comuns, esta ocorrência teve custos económicos e sociais significativos. Os funcionários locais, estatais e federais requereram a análise hidrológica para apoiar a gestão de emergência e as estratégias de mitigação de inundações de longo prazo. A subida rápida e sustentada do nível freático e a inundação resultante deste aquífero de alta permeabilidade ilustram um aspeto significativo da resposta do sistema subterrâneo a um evento de precipitação extrema. O ordenamento do território completo deveria considerar o potencial de subida do nível freático e inundações de águas subterrâneas numa variedade de cenários hidrogeológicos, uma vez que as alterações futuras do clima podem ter impacte na recarga e na subida do nível freático.
Starting Page	1421
Ending Page	1432
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	22
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2014-04-08
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	USA Groundwater flood Rainfall/runoff Groundwater recharge Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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