NDLI: Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs ( Hydrogeology Journal , Volume 14 , Issue 6 )

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Toth, David J. Katz, Brian G.
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	Large karstic springs in east-central Florida, USA were studied using multi-tracer and geochemical modeling techniques to better understand groundwater flow paths and mixing of shallow and deep groundwater. Spring water types included Ca–HCO$_{3}$ (six), Na–Cl (four), and mixed (one). The evolution of water chemistry for Ca–HCO$_{3}$ spring waters was modeled by reactions of rainwater with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions. The Na–Cl and mixed-type springs were modeled by reactions of either rainwater or Upper Floridan aquifer water with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions and mixed with varying proportions of saline Lower Floridan aquifer water, which represented 4–53% of the total spring discharge. Multiple-tracer data—chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113, tritium ($^{3}$H), helium-3 ($^{3}$He$_{trit}$), sulfur hexafluoride (SF$_{6}$)—for four Ca–HCO$_{3}$ spring waters were consistent with binary mixing curves representing water recharged during 1980 or 1990 mixing with an older (recharged before 1940) tracer-free component. Young-water mixing fractions ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. Tracer concentration data for two Na–Cl spring waters appear to be consistent with binary mixtures of 1990 water with older water recharged in 1965 or 1975. Nitrate-N concentrations are inversely related to apparent ages of spring waters, which indicated that elevated nitrate-N concentrations were likely contributed from recent recharge.D’importantes sources karstiques du Centre-Est de la Floride aux USA, ont été étudiées par multitraçage et par des techniques de modélisation géochimique, pour mieux comprendre les directions de l’écoulement souterrain et les mélanges entre les eaux souterraines phréatiques et profondes. Les eaux de source sont du type Ca-HCO$_{3}$ (six), Na-Cl (quatre), et mixte (une). L’évolution de la chimie des eaux du type Ca-HCO$_{3}$ a été modélisée par réactions entre l’eau de pluie et la matière organique des sols, la calcite et la dolomite, dans des conditions oxydantes, et par mélange avec des proportions variables de l’eau saline de l’aquifère du Bas-Floridien qui représente 4 à 53% du débit total de la source.Les données de multitraçage [chlorofluorocarbone CFC-113, tritium ($^{3}$H), hélium-3 ($^{3}$He$_{trit}$), hexafluorure de sulfure (SF$_{6}$)] pour quatre eaux Ca-HCO$_{3}$ de source, sont cohérentes par rapport aux courbes de mélange binaire représentant la recharge en 1980 ou en 1990, mélangée avec une composante plus ancienne sans traceur (eau d’une recharge antérieure à 1940). Les fractions des eaux jeunes sont comprises entre 0.3 et 0.7. Les concentrations en traceur de deux sources de type Na-Cl sont apparues comme cohérentes avec les mélanges binaires des eaux de 1990 et des eaux plus anciennes de 1965 ou 1975. Les concentrations en Nitrates sont inversement liées aux âges apparent des eaux de sources, ce qui indique que les concentrations élevées en Nitrate seraient plutôt dues aux recharges récentes.Se estudiaron manantiales kársticos grandes en la parte centro-oriental de Florida, USA utilizando técnicas de modelizado geoquímico y multi-trazadores para un mejor entendimiento de trayectorias de flujo de agua subterránea y la mezcla de agua subterránea profunda y somera. Los tipos de agua de manantial incluyeron Ca–HCO$_{3}$ $^{−}$ (seis), Na–Cl (cuatro), y mezclada (una). Se modelizó la evolución de química de agua para las aguas de los manantiales Ca–HCO$_{3}$ $^{−}$ mediante las reacciones de agua de lluvia con la materia orgánica del suelo, calcita, y dolomita bajo condiciones anóxicas. Los manantiales con Na–Cl y mezclados se modelizaron mediante reacciones ya sea de agua de lluvia o agua del acuífero Floridano Superior con materia orgánica del suelo, calcita, y dolomita bajo condiciones anóxicas y mezclando con distintas proporciones de agua salada del acuífero Floridano Inferior, lo cual representó entre 4 y 53% de la descarga total de los manantiales. Los datos de trazadores múltiples [clorofluorcarbono CFC-113, tritio ($^{3}$H), helio-3 ($^{3}$He$_{trit}$), hexafluoruro de azufre (SF$_{6}$)] para cuatro manantiales Ca–HCO$_{3}$ $^{−}$ fueron consistentes con curvas binarias de mezclado que representan agua recargada durante 1980 o 1990 que se mezcló con un componente más viejo libre de trazadores (recargado antes de 1940). Las fracciones mezcladas de agua joven variaron entre 0.3 y 0.7. Los datos de concentración de trazadores para aguas de dos manantiales Na–Cl parecen ser consistentes con las mezclas binarias de agua del año 1990 con aguas más viejas recargadas en 1965 o 1975. las concentraciones de nitrato-N tienen una relación inversa con edades aparentes de aguas de manantiales, lo cual indicó que las concentraciones elevadas en nitrato-N probablemente fueron aportadas por recarga reciente.
Starting Page	1060
Ending Page	1080
Page Count	21
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	14
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2006-08-29
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Karst Groundwater age Carbonate rocks Geochemical modeling Lumped parameter modeling Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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