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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Rutqvist, Jonny Stephansson, Ove |
| Copyright Year | 2003 |
| Abstract | This paper provides a review of hydromechanical (HM) couplings in fractured rock, with special emphasis on HM interactions as a result of, or directly connected with human activities. In the early 1960s, the coupling between hydraulic and mechanical processes in fractured rock started to receive wide attention. A series of events including dam failures, landslides, and injection-induced earthquakes were believed to result from HM interaction. Moreover, the advent of the computer technology in the 1970s made possible the integration of nonlinear processes such as stress–permeability coupling and rock mass failure into coupled HM analysis. Coupled HM analysis is currently being applied to many geological engineering practices. One key parameter in such analyses is a good estimate of the relationship between stress and permeability. Based on available laboratory and field data, it was found that the permeability of fractured rock masses tends to be most sensitive to stress changes at shallow depth (low stress) and in areas of low in-situ permeability. In highly permeable, fractured rock sections, fluid flow may take place in clusters of connected fractures which are locked open as a result of previous shear dislocation or partial cementation of hard mineral filling. Such locked-open fractures tend to be relatively insensitive to stress and may therefore be conductive at great depths. Because of the great variability of HM properties in fractured rock, and the difficulties in using laboratory data for deriving in-situ material properties, the HM properties of fractured rock masses are best characterized in situ.Ce papier passe en revue les couplages hydromécaniques (HM) dans les roches fracturées, en mettant tout spécialement l'accent sur les interactions HM résultant de ou directement connectées à des activités humaines. Au début des années soixante, on a commencé à vraiment s'intéresser au couplage entre les processus hydrauliques et mécaniques dans les roches fracturées. Une série d'évènements, dont des ruptures de barrages, des glissements de terrain et des séismes induits par des injections, a été envisagée comme la conséquence d'interactions HM. En outre, l'émergence de la technologie des ordinateurs dans les années soixante-dix a rendu possible l'intégration de processus non linéaires tels que le couplage contrainte–perméabilité et la rupture d'un massif rocheux dans l'analyse HM couplée. L'analyse HM couplée est couramment réalisée dans de nombreuses applications en géologie de l'ingénieur. Un paramètre clé dans une telle analyse est une bonne estimation de la relation entre la contrainte et la perméabilité. À partir de données disponibles de laboratoire et de terrain, on a trouvé que la perméabilité de massifs de roches fracturées tend à être plus sensible aux changements de contrainte à faible profondeur (faible contrainte) et dans les régions de faible perméabilité in situ. Dans les sections très perméables des roches fracturées, l'écoulement du fluide peut prendre place dans des zones de fractures connectées qui sont maintenues ouvertes du fait de la dislocation initiale par cisaillement ou de la cimentation partielle du remplissage minéral induré. De telles fractures maintenues ouvertes tendent à être relativement insensibles à la contrainte et peuvent alors être conductives à grandes profondeurs. Cependant, ce papier met en avant la grande variabilité des propriétés HM en roches fracturées et les difficultés à utiliser les données de laboratoire pour en déduire les propriétés in situ du matériau. À cause des difficultés telles que les propriétés dépendant de la dimension, des désordres dans l'échantillon et un échantillonnage non représentatif, les propriétés HM des massifs de roches fracturées sont mieux caractérisées in situ.El presente artículo revisa los acoplamientos hidromecánicos en rocas fracturadas, haciendo énfasis en las interacciones hidromecánicas resultantes o directamente relacionadas con las actividades antrópicas. A comienzos de los años sesenta, el acoplamiento entre los procesos hidráulicos y los mecánicos en rocas fracturadas comenzó a ser tenido en cuenta de forma generalizada. Una serie de sucesos, incluyendo roturas de presas, deslizamientos de terreno y terremotos inducidos por inyección, fueron considerados como una consecuencia de las interacciones hidromecánicas. Después, la introducción de los computadores hacia los setenta permitió la integración de procesos no-lineales, tales como el acoplamiento esfuerzos-permeabilidad y el fallo de la matriz rocosa, en análisis hidromecánicos acoplados. Este tipo de análisis se aplica actualmente a muchos estudios de ingeniería geológica. Un parámetro clave para ello es la correcta estimación de la relación entre esfuerzos y permeabilidad. Basándose en datos disponibles de laboratorio y de campo, se ha deducido que la permeabilidad de las rocas fracturadas es fundamentalmente sensible a cambios de la tensión a profundidades someras (baja tensión) y en áreas de permeabilidad baja. En secciones de rocas fracturadas muy permeables, el flujo de fluidos puede tener lugar en grupos de fracturas interconectadas que están abiertas como resultado de cizallas previas por dislocación o por cementación parcial del relleno mineral. Estas fracturas abiertas tienden a ser relativamente insensibles a la tensión y pueden por tanto ser conductivas a grandes profundidades. Sin embargo, este artículo pretende destacar la gran variabilidad de las propiedades hidromecánicas en rocas fracturadas, y las dificultades asociadas al uso de datos de laboratorio para estimar propiedades de campo de los materiales. Debido a problemas como la dependencia de las variables con el tamaño, las alteraciones de muestras y el muestreo no representativo, las propiedades hidromecánicas de las rocas fracturadas se caracterizan mejor in situ. |
| Starting Page | 7 |
| Ending Page | 40 |
| Page Count | 34 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 11 |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2003-01-17 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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