NDLI: A robust probabilistic Braille recognition system

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Yousefi, M. Famouri, M. Nasihatkon, B. Azimifar, Z. Fieguth, P.
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	As a structured document, Braille is the most common means of reading and study for visually handicapped people. The need for converting Braille documents into a computer-readable format has motivated research into the implementation of Braille recognition systems. The main theme of this research is to propose robust probabilistic approaches to different steps of Braille Recognition. The method is meant to be very general in terms of being independent of those parameters of the Braille document such as skewness, scale, and spacing of the page, lines, and characters. For a given Braille document, a statistical method is proposed for estimating the scaling, spacing, and skewness parameters, whereby the detected dots of the Braille document are modeled using a parameterized probability density function. Skewness, scaling, and line spacing are estimated as a solution of a maximum-likelihood (ML) problem, which is solved using expectation maximization. Based on those parameters, each line of the Braille document is extracted, and each of three rows of individual lines is separated based on the vertical projection of the Braille dots. Finally, a scale-independent automatic document gridding procedure is proposed for dot localization and character detection based on a hidden Markov model.
Starting Page	253
Ending Page	266
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14332833
Journal	International Journal of Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)
Volume Number	15
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	14332825
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2011-08-18
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Structured document Braille Line spacing Scale independence Hidden Markov Model Expectation maximization Pattern Recognition Image Processing and Computer Vision
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Science Applications Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Software

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