NDLI: Expansion of the σ-hole concept

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Murray, Jane S. Lane, Pat Politzer, Peter
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	The term “σ-hole” originally referred to the electron-deficient outer lobe of a half-filled p (or nearly p) orbital involved in forming a covalent bond. If the electron deficiency is sufficient, there can result a region of positive electrostatic potential which can interact attractively (noncovalently) with negative sites on other molecules (σ-hole bonding). The interaction is highly directional, along the extension of the covalent bond giving rise to the σ-hole. σ-Hole bonding has been observed, experimentally and computationally, for many covalently-bonded atoms of Groups V–VII. The positive character of the σ-hole increases in going from the lighter to the heavier (more polarizable) atoms within a Group, and as the remainder of the molecule becomes more electron-withdrawing. In this paper, we show computationally that significantly positive σ-holes, and subsequent noncovalent interactions, can also occur for atoms of Group IV. This observation, together with analogous ones for the molecules (H3C)2SO, (H3C)2SO2 and Cl3PO, demonstrates a need to expand the interpretation of the origins of σ-holes: (1) While the bonding orbital does require considerable p character, in view of the well-established highly directional nature of σ-hole bonding, a sizeable s contribution is not precluded. (2) It is possible for the bonding orbital to be doubly-occupied and forming a coordinate covalent bond. Figure Two views of the calculated electrostatic potential on the 0.001 au molecular surface of SiCl4. Color ranges, in kcal/mole, are: purple, negative; blue, between 0 and 8; green, between 8 and 11; yellow, between 11 and 18; red, more positive than 18. The top view shows three of the four chlorines. In the center is the σ-hole due to the fourth Cl−Si bond, its most positive portion (red) being on the extension of that bond. In the bottom view are visible two of the σ-holes on the silicon. In both views can be seen the σ-holes on the chlorines, on the extensions of the Si−Cl bonds; their most positive portions are green
Starting Page	723
Ending Page	729
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISSN	16102940
Journal	Journal of Molecular Modeling
Volume Number	15
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	09485023
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2008-12-11
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Electrostatic potentials Group IV atoms Noncovalent interactions σ-hole σ-hole bonding Computer Application in Life Sciences Life Sciences Health Informatics Molecular Medicine Biomedicine general Computer Applications in Chemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Organic Chemistry Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Computational Theory and Mathematics Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry Computer Science Applications

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