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Discovery of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (PhaC)-encoding genes from seasonal Baltic Sea ice and cold estuarine waters

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Pärnänen, Katariina Karkman, Antti Virta, Marko Eronen Rasimus, Eeva Kaartokallio, Hermanni
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are macromolecules produced by bacteria as means for storing carbon and energy in intracellular granules. PHAs have physical properties similar to those of plastics and have become of interest to industry as materials for environmentally friendly bioplastic production. There is an ongoing search for new PHA-producing bacterial strains and PHA-synthesizing enzymes tolerating extreme conditions to find ways of producing PHAs at cold temperatures and high solute concentrations. Moreover, the study of PHA producers in the sea-ice biome can aid in understanding the microbial ecology of carbon cycling in ice-associated ecosystems. In this study, PHA producers and PHA synthase genes were examined under the extreme environmental conditions of sea ice and cold seawater to find evidence of PHA production in an environment requiring adaptation to high salinity and cold temperatures. Sea ice and cold estuarine water samples were collected from the northern Baltic Sea and evidence of PHA production was gathered, using microscopy with Nile Blue A staining of PHA-granules and PCR assays detecting PHA-synthesis genes. The PHA granules and PHA synthases were found at all sampling locations, in both sea ice and water, and throughout the sampling period spanning over 10 years. Our study shows, for the first time, that PHA synthesis occurs in Baltic Sea cold-adapted bacteria in their natural environment, which makes the Baltic Sea and its cold environments an interesting choice in the quest for PHA-synthesizing bacteria and synthesis genes.
Starting Page	197
Ending Page	206
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14310651
Journal	Extremophiles
Volume Number	19
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14334909
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Japan
Publisher Date	2014-10-04
Publisher Place	Tokyo
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) Sea ice Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase genes (phaC) Cold adaptation Bioplastics Microbiology Biotechnology Biochemistry Microbial Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Molecular Medicine Microbiology

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