NDLI: Positioning of aminopeptidase inhibitors in next generation cancer therapy

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Hitzerd, Sarina M. Verbrugge, Sue Ellen Ossenkoppele, Gert Jansen, Gerrit Peters, Godefridus J.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Aminopeptidases represent a class of (zinc) metalloenzymes that catalyze the cleavage of amino acids nearby the N-terminus of polypeptides, resulting in hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Aminopeptidases operate downstream of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and are implicated in the final step of intracellular protein degradation either by trimming proteasome-generated peptides for antigen presentation or full hydrolysis into free amino acids for recycling in renewed protein synthesis. This review focuses on the function and subcellular location of five key aminopeptidases (aminopeptidase N, leucine aminopeptidase, puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase, leukotriene A4 hydrolase and endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1/2) and their association with different diseases, in particular cancer and their current position as target for therapeutic intervention by aminopeptidase inhibitors. Historically, bestatin was the first prototypical aminopeptidase inhibitor that entered the clinic 35 years ago and is still used for the treatment of lung cancer. More recently, new generation aminopeptidase inhibitors became available, including the aminopeptidase inhibitor prodrug tosedostat, which is currently tested in phase II clinical trials for acute myeloid leukemia. Beyond bestatin and tosedostat, medicinal chemistry has emerged with additional series of potential aminopeptidases inhibitors which are still in an early phase of (pre)clinical investigations. The expanded knowledge of the unique mechanism of action of aminopeptidases has revived interest in aminopeptidase inhibitors for drug combination regimens in anti-cancer treatment. In this context, this review will discuss relevant features and mechanisms of action of aminopeptidases and will also elaborate on factors contributing to aminopeptidase inhibitor efficacy and/or loss of efficacy due to drug resistance-related phenomena. Together, a growing body of data point to aminopeptidase inhibitors as attractive tools for combination chemotherapy, hence their implementation may be a step forward in a new era of personalized treatment of cancer patients.
Starting Page	793
Ending Page	808
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09394451
Journal	Amino Acids
Volume Number	46
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14382199
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Vienna
Publisher Date	2014-01-03
Publisher Place	Vienna
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Amino acids Aminopeptidases Aminopeptidase inhibitors Bestatin Tosedostat Biochemistry Analytical Chemistry Biochemical Engineering Life Sciences Proteomics Neurobiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Organic Chemistry Biochemistry Clinical Biochemistry

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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