NDLI: Proline metabolism in the conceptus: implications for fetal growth and development

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Wu, G. Bazer, F. W. Datta, S. Johnson, G. A. Li, P. Satterfield, M. C. Spencer, T. E.
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	Although there are published studies of proline biochemistry and nutrition in cultured cells and postnatal animals, little is known about proline metabolism and function in the conceptus (embryo/fetus, associated placental membranes, and fetal fluids). Because of the invasive nature of biochemical research on placental and fetal growth, animal models are often used to test hypotheses of biological importance. Recent evidence from studies with pigs and sheep shows that proline is a major substrate for polyamine synthesis via proline oxidase, ornithine aminotransferase, and ornithine decarboxylase in placentae. Both porcine and ovine placentae have a high capacity for proline catabolism and polyamine production. In addition, allantoic and amniotic fluids contain enzymes to convert proline into ornithine, which is delivered through the circulation to placental tissues. There is exquisite metabolic coordination among integrated pathways that support highest rates of polyamine synthesis and concentrations in placentae during early gestation when placental growth is most rapid. Interestingly, reduced placental and fetal growth are associated with reductions in placental proline transport, proline oxidase activity, and concentrations of polyamines in gestating dams with either naturally occurring or malnutrition-induced growth retardation. Conversely, increasing proline availability in maternal plasma through nutritional or pharmacological modulation in pigs and sheep enhances concentrations of proline and polyamines in placentae and fetal fluids, as well as fetal growth. These novel findings suggest an important role for proline in conceptus metabolism, growth and development, as well as a potential treatment for intrauterine growth restriction, which is a significant problem in both human medicine and animal agriculture.
Starting Page	691
Ending Page	702
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09394451
Journal	Amino Acids
Volume Number	35
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14382199
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Vienna
Publisher Date	2008-03-11
Publisher Place	Vienna
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Proline Placenta Fetus Nutrition Fetal growth Neurobiology Proteomics Life Sciences Biochemical Engineering Analytical Chemistry Biochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Organic Chemistry Biochemistry Clinical Biochemistry

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