NDLI: Polyanion-mediated mineralization — mineralization in coccolithophore (Pleurochrysis carterae) variants which do not express PS2, the most abundant and acidic mineral-associated polyanion in wild-type cells

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Polyanion-mediated mineralization — mineralization in coccolithophore (Pleurochrysis carterae) variants which do not express PS2, the most abundant and acidic mineral-associated polyanion in wild-type cells

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Protoplasma : Volume 198

Protoplasma : Volume 197

Protoplasma : Volume 196

Polyanion-mediated mineralization — mineralization in coccolithophore (Pleurochrysis carterae) variants which do not express PS2, the most abundant and acidic mineral-associated polyanion in wild-type cells

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Marsh, M. E. Dickinson, D. P.
Copyright Year	1997
Abstract	Highly acidic macromolecules are postulated intermediates in biomineralization because they sequester large numbers of calcium ions and occur in high concentrations at mineralizing foci in distantly related organisms. The mineral-associated polyanions in the coccolithophorePleurochrysis carterae are acidic polysaccharides which surround calcite elements on mineralized scales called coccoliths. PS2 is the most abundant and acidicPleurochrysis polyanion, containing four carboxyl groups per disaccharide repeat. This study examines the mineralizing function of PS2 by analysis of calcium carbonate deposition in PS2-deficient cells. Mineral-deficientPleurochrysis variants were separated from wild-type cells by density gradient centrifugation and analyzed for PS2 expression. Three independent low-density variants (two spontaneous and one chemically-induced) not expressing PS2 (ps2−) were isolated. The mineral content of each ps2− variant was less than 5% of the wild-type level. Most ps2− coccoliths were unmineralized, but when crystals were present, they occurred on the coccolith rim as in wild-type cells. When ps2− rim elements were adequately large and numerous, they displayed the alternating A and B anvil shapes characteristic of wild-type rim elements. Although ps2− cells may have defects which affect the expression of cellular components in addition to PS2, correlation of PS2 nonexpression with mineral deficiency in three independent variants supports the hypothesis that PS2 is a functional intermediate in mineral deposition. PS2 may affect the level ofPleurochrysis mineralization by (a) controlling the amount of calcium ions available for mineralization, (b) accelerating the rate of calcite nucleation, or (c) both. However, PS2 does not influence crystal morphology, since the more mature crystals in ps2− cells exhibit the anvil-shaped morphology of wild-type crystals.
Starting Page	9
Ending Page	17
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0033183X
Journal	Protoplasma
Volume Number	199
Issue Number	1-2
e-ISSN	16156102
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	1997-01-01
Publisher Place	Vienna
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Polyanions Mineralization Coccolithophores Calcium Cell Biology Plant Sciences Zoology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Plant Science Medicine

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