NDLI: A new nonlinear analytical model for canopy flow over a forested hill

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Wang, Weiguo Yi, Chuixiang
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	A new nonlinear analytical model for canopy flow over gentle hills is presented. This model is established based on the assumption that three major forces (pressure gradient, Reynolds stress gradient, and nonlinear canopy drag) within canopy are in balance for gentle hills under neutral conditions. The momentum governing equation is closed by the velocity-squared law. This new model has many advantages over the model developed by Finnigan and Belcher (Quart J Roy Meteorol Soc 130: 1–29 2004, hereafter referred to as FB04) in predicting canopy wind velocity profiles in forested hills in that: (1) predictions from the new model are more realistic because surface drag effects can be taken into account by boundary conditions, while surface drag effects cannot be accounted for in the algebraic equation used in the lower canopy layer in the FB04 model; (2) the mixing length theory is not necessarily used because it leads to a theoretical inconsistency that a constant mixing length assumption leads to a nonconstant mixing length prediction as in the FB04 model; and (3) the effects of height-dependent leaf area density (a(z)) and drag coefficient (C d ) on wind velocity can be predicted, while both a(z) and C d must be treated as constants in FB04 model. The nonlinear algebraic equation for momentum transfer in the lower part of canopy used in FB04 model is height independent, actually serving as a bottom boundary condition for the linear differential momentum equation in the upper canopy layer. The predicting ability of the FB04 model is largely restricted by using the height-independent algebraic equation in the bottom canopy layer. This study has demonstrated the success of using the velocity-squared law as a closure scheme for momentum transfer in forested hills in comparison with the mixing length theory used in FB04 model thus enhancing the predicting ability of canopy flows, keeping the theory consistent and simple, and shining a new light into land-surface parameterization schemes in numerical weather and climate models.
Starting Page	549
Ending Page	563
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0177798X
Journal	Theoretical and Applied Climatology
Volume Number	109
Issue Number	3-4
e-ISSN	14344483
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Vienna
Publisher Date	2012-02-22
Publisher Place	Vienna
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution Climate Change Meteorology/Climatology Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atmospheric Science

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