NDLI: Analysis of the Influence of a Natural Fracture Network on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Carbonate Formations

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Liu, Zhiyuan Chen, Mian Zhang, Guangqing
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	A new experimental model has been designed to simulate the influence of a natural fracture network on the propagation geometry of hydraulic fractures in naturally fractured formations using a tri-axial fracturing system. In this model, a parallel and symmetrical pre-fracture network was created by placing cement plates in a cubic mold and filling the mold with additional cement to create the final testing block. The surface of the plates will thus be weakly cemented and form pre-fractures. The dimension and direction of the pre-fractures can be controlled using the plates. The experiments showed that the horizontal differential stress $$Δ \sigma$$ and the angle $$Δ \theta$$ between the maximum horizontal principal in situ stress and the pre-fracture are the dominating factors for the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures. For $$Δ \theta = 90^\circ$$ and $$Δ \sigma \ge 2{\text{ MPa}}$$ or $$Δ \theta = 60^\circ$$ and $$Δ \sigma \ge 4{\text{ MPa}}$$ , the direction of the initiation and propagation of the hydraulic fractures are consistent with or deviate from the normal direction of the pre-fracture. When the hydraulic fractures approach the pre-fractures, the direction of the hydraulic fracture propagation will be consistent with the normal direction of the pre-fracture. Otherwise, the hydraulic fracture will deflect and perpendicularly cross the parallel and symmetric pre-fracture network. For $$Δ \theta = 90^\circ$$ and $$Δ \sigma < 2{\text{ MPa}},\,Δ \theta = 60^\circ$$ , and $$Δ \sigma < 4{\text{ MPa}}$$ or $$Δ \theta = 45^\circ$$ and $$Δ \sigma = 4 - 8{\text{ MPa}}$$ , before the hydraulic fracture and the pre-fractures intersect, the direction of the hydraulic fracture propagation remains unchanged, and the pre-fractures open or dilate when the hydraulic fracture propagates to the intersection point, forming a complicated hydraulic fracture network with the propagation region of the overall hydraulic fracture network taking the shape of an ellipse. In this condition, the complexity level of the hydraulic fracture is controlled by the net pressure, the compressive normal stress acting on the pre-fractures, the shearing strength and the cohesion strength of the planes of weakness. The conclusions of this research are inconsistent with the formulation of the approach angle that has been widely accepted by previous studies. The principle of hydraulic fracture propagation is that it follows the least resistance, the most preferential propagation, and the shortest propagation path.
Starting Page	575
Ending Page	587
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	07232632
Journal	Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering
Volume Number	47
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	1434453X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Vienna
Publisher Date	2013-04-13
Publisher Place	Vienna
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Hydraulic fracture Fracture network Fracture interaction Complex fracture Principles of propagation Geophysics/Geodesy Civil Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geology Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Civil and Structural Engineering

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