NDLI: Digital watermarking algorithm based on Kalman filtering and image fusion

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Zhang, Fan Zhang, Xinhong Shang, Dongfang
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	A digital watermarking algorithm based on Kalman filter and image fusion is proposed. The digital watermarking can be viewed as a process that embedding a weak signal (watermark) to a strong signal (original image), so the process of watermarking can be viewed as a process of image fusion. In the proposed watermarking algorithm, the watermark embedding and extraction process are expressed as the state estimate process, and Kalman filter is used as an optimal estimation algorithm in the process of image fusion. An optimal estimation model is built according to the watermark image and the original image, and then the state equation and the corresponding measurement equation are built. The optimal estimation is archived in case of the minimum estimation error variance. Crossentropy and mutual information are used to evaluate the performance of image fusion. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a good performance in both robustness and invisibility.
Starting Page	1149
Ending Page	1157
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09410643
Journal	Neural Computing and Applications
Volume Number	21
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	14333058
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2011-05-28
Publisher Place	London
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Watermarking Image fusion Kalman filtering Mutual information Simulation and Modeling
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Artificial Intelligence Software

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
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7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
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