NDLI: A retrospective analysis of American football hyperthermia deaths in the United States

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Grundstein, Andrew J. Ramseyer, Craig Zhao, Fang Pesses, Jordan L. Akers, Pete Qureshi, Aneela Becker, Laura Kx, John A. Petro, Myron
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	Over the period 1980–2009, there were 58 documented hyperthermia deaths of American-style football players in the United States. This study examines the geography, timing, and meteorological conditions present during the onset of hyperthermia, using the most complete dataset available. Deaths are concentrated in the eastern quadrant of the United States and are most common during August. Over half the deaths occurred during morning practices when high humidity levels were common. The athletes were typically large (79% with a body mass index >30) and mostly (86%) played linemen positions. Meteorological conditions were atypically hot and humid by local standards on most days with fatalities. Further, all deaths occurred under conditions defined as high or extreme by the American College of Sports Medicine using the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), but under lower threat levels using the heat index (HI). Football-specific thresholds based on clothing (full football uniform, practice uniform, or shorts) were also examined. The thresholds matched well with data from athletes wearing practice uniforms but poorly for those in shorts only. Too few cases of athletes in full pads were available to draw any broad conclusions. We recommend that coaches carefully monitor players, particularly large linemen, early in the pre-season on days with wet bulb globe temperatures that are categorized as high or extreme. Also, as most of the deaths were among young athletes, longer acclimatization periods may be needed.
Starting Page	11
Ending Page	20
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00207128
Journal	International Journal of Biometeorology
Volume Number	56
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14321254
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2010-12-15
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	American football Hyperthermia Climate United States Plant Physiology Animal Physiology Environment Environmental Health Meteorology/Climatology Biophysics and Biological Physics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Atmospheric Science

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