NDLI: Resistance of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) seedlings to deflection and extraction

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Trees : Volume 25, Issue 2, April 2011

Trees : Volume 25, Issue 1, February 2011

Resistance of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) seedlings to deflection and extraction

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Boizard, Sophie D. Mitchell, Stephen J.
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	Red mangrove (Rhizhophora mangle L.) is the dominant tree species in the intertidal zone of ecosystems on the Atlantic shores of the Caribbean and tropical western Atlantic. The propagules of this species are initially buoyant, becoming negatively buoyant before rooting in a variety of substrates. After establishment, these seedlings form aerial roots, leading to communities of plants with complex networks of stems and aerial roots. While established mangrove communities assist in stabilizing coastlines, seedlings are susceptible to wave, current and wind energy and this limits the habitats that they can successfully colonize. In this experiment, the mechanical resistance of seedlings growing at five locations with different substrate and canopy conditions was tested. The 78 seedlings tested ranged in height from 27 to 47 cm, had between one and ten pairs of leaves but had not yet formed aerial roots. Seedlings were pulled horizontally. The reaction force at 20° deflection in four cardinal directions and then force to failure in the landward direction was measured. Seventy-five percent of the seedlings failed in the root system. The remainder failed near the base of the stem. Larger seedlings were more likely to fail at the roots. Seedlings growing outside of mangrove overstory on coral rubble were 3.5 times more strongly anchored than those growing within the mangrove overstory on sand. In spite of directional loading by waves and on-shore breezes, the deflection resistance did not vary systematically with pulling direction. Seedling anchorage varies among locations with different overstory and substrate conditions, likely due to differences in competition and acclimation to wind and wave energy along with differences in rooting among substrates.
Starting Page	371
Ending Page	381
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09311890
Journal	Trees
Volume Number	25
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	14322285
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2010-11-18
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Failure resistance Mangrove Mode of failure Natural disturbance Rhizophora mangle Wave damage Wind damage Plant Physiology Plant Sciences Agriculture Plant Anatomy/Development Forestry Plant Pathology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Physiology Plant Science Forestry

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