NDLI: Constraining tephra dispersion and deposition from three subplinian explosions in 2011 at Shinmoedake volcano, Kyushu, Japan

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Mae, Fukashi Nagai, Masashi Nakada, Setsuya Burden, Rose E. Engwell, Samantha Suzuki, Yuki Kaneko, Takayuki
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Constraining physical parameters of tephra dispersion and deposition from explosive volcanic eruptions is a significant challenge, because of both the complexity of the relationship between tephra distribution and distance from the vent and the difficulties associated with direct and comprehensive real-time observations. Three andesitic subplinian explosions in January 2011 at Shinmoedake volcano, Japan, are used as a case study to validate selected empirical and theoretical models using observations and field data. Tephra volumes are estimated using relationships between dispersal area and tephra thickness or mass/area. A new cubic B-spline interpolation method is also examined. Magma discharge rate is estimated using theoretical plume models incorporating the effect of wind. Results are consistent with observed plume heights (6.4–7.3 km above the vent) and eruption durations. Estimated tephra volumes were 15–34 × 106 m3 for explosions on the afternoon of 26 January and morning of 27 January, and 5.0–7.6 × 106 m3 for the afternoon of 27 January; magma discharge rates were in the range 1–2 × 106 kg/s for all three explosions. Clast dispersal models estimated plume height at 7.1 ± 1 km above the vent for each explosion. The three subplinian explosions occurred with approximately 12-h reposes and had similar mass discharge rates and plume heights but decreasing erupted magma volumes and durations.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	16
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02588900
Journal	Bulletin of Volcanology
Volume Number	76
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	14320819
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2014-05-03
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Tephra Plume height Mass discharge rate Subplinian Shinmoedake Geology Geophysics/Geodesy Mineralogy Sedimentology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geochemistry and Petrology

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