NDLI: Grazers and vitamins shape chain formation in a bloom-forming dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium polykrikoides

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Jiang, Xiaodong Lonsdale, Darcy J. Gobler, Christopher J.
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	Predators influence the phenotype of prey through both natural selection and induction. We investigated the effects of grazers and nutrients on chain formation in a dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, which forms dense blooms and has deleterious effects on marine ecosystems around the world. Field populations of C. polykrikoides formed longer chains than laboratory cultures without grazers. In the field, chain length of C. polykrikoides was positively correlated with the abundance of the copepod Acartia tonsa. Chain length of C. polykrikoides increased when exposed to live females of A. tonsa or its fresh (<24 h post-isolation) exudates for 48 h. These results suggest that dissolved chemical cues released by A. tonsa induce chain formation in C. polykrikoides. Ingestion rate of A. tonsa on four-cell chains of C. polykrikoides was lower than on single cells, suggesting that chain formation may be an effective anti-grazing defense. Finally, nutrient amendment experiments demonstrated that vitamins (B1, B7, and B12) increased the chain length of C. polykrikoides both singly and collectively, while trace metals and inorganic nutrients did not, showing that vitamins may also influence chain formation in this species.
Starting Page	455
Ending Page	464
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00298549
Journal	Oecologia
Volume Number	164
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	14321939
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2010-06-30
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Chain formation Dinoflagellate Grazer Vitamin Plant Sciences Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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Grazers and vitamins shape chain formation in a bloom-forming dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium polykrikoides

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