NDLI: The invasive annual cheatgrass releases more nitrogen than crested wheatgrass through root exudation and senescence

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Morris, Kendalynn A. Stark, John M. Bugbee, Bruce rton, Jeanette M.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Plant-soil feedbacks are an important aspect of invasive species success. One type of feedback is alteration of soil nutrient cycling. Cheatgrass invasion in the western USA is associated with increases in plant-available nitrogen (N), but the mechanism for this has not been elucidated. We labeled cheatgrass and crested wheatgrass, a common perennial grass in western rangelands, with 15N-urea to determine if differences in root exudates and turnover could be a mechanism for increases in soil N. Mesocosms containing plants were either kept moist, or dried out during the final 10 days to determine the role of senescence in root N release. Soil N transformation rates were determined using 15N pool dilution. After 75 days of growth, cheatgrass accumulated 30 % more total soil N and organic carbon than crested wheatgrass. Cheatgrass roots released twice as much N as crested wheatgrass roots (0.11 vs. 0.05 mg N kg−1 soil day−1) in both soil moisture treatments. This occurred despite lower root abundance (7.0 vs. 17.3 g dry root kg−1 soil) and N concentration (6.0 vs. 7.6 g N kg−1 root) in cheatgrass vs. crested wheatgrass. We propose that increases in soil N pool sizes and transformation rates under cheatgrass are caused by higher rates of root exudation or release of organic matter containing relatively large amounts of labile N. Our results provide the first evidence for the underlying mechanism by which the invasive annual cheatgrass increases N availability and establishes positive plant-soil feedbacks that promote its success in western rangelands.
Starting Page	971
Ending Page	983
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00298549
Journal	Oecologia
Volume Number	181
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14321939
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-01-21
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Bromus tectorum Invasive grass Plant-soil feedbacks Root turnover Mineralization Ecology Plant Sciences Hydrology/Water Resources
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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