NDLI: Skeletogenesis in sea urchin interordinal hybrid embryos

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Brandhorst, Bruce P. Davenport, Ruth
Copyright Year	2001
Abstract	Reciprocal interordinal crosses were made between the sea urchins Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Lytechinus pictus. Previous research indicated that the expression of many L. pictus genes is reduced in the hybrid embryos. The S. purpuratus gene encoding the spicule matrix protein SM50 and the L. pictus gene encoding its orthologue LSM34 were both expressed at normal levels per gene copy in hybrid embryos, and in about 32 skeletogenic primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) in hybrid and natural gastrulae. In many embryos of all crosses, 16 PMCs initially ingressed, while 32–64 PMCs were present in gastrulae. The skeletal spicules of most hybrid plutei were predominantly like those of S. purpuratus, consistent with the predominance of expression of S. purpuratus genes in hybrid embryos. The spicules of some hybrid plutei showed features characteristic of L. pictus, such as recurrent rods, branched body rod tips, or convergent ventral transverse rods; a few hybrid spicules were predominantly like those of L. pictus. Based on our observations and the literature, we propose the following. Cues from the ectodermal epithelium position the PMCs as they elaborate the initial triradiate spicules. Their orientation and outgrowth appears to be responsible for the convergence of the tips of body rods in most S. purpuratus and hybrid embryos, unlike in most L. pictus embryos. Variations among hybrid and natural embryos in skeletal branching pattern reflect differences in interpretation by PMCs of patterning cues produced by the ectodermal epithelium that probably have similar spatial distributions in the two species.
Starting Page	159
Ending Page	167
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0302766X
Journal	Cell and Tissue Research
Volume Number	305
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14320878
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2014-01-30
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Human Genetics Proteomics Molecular Medicine
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Histology Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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