NDLI: Molecular and cellular detection of expression of vitellogenin and zona radiata protein in liver and skin of juvenile salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to nonylphenol

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Arukwe, Augustine Røe, Kjersti
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	In developing bioassays for estrogenic effects, vitellogenin (Vtg) induction and zona radiata protein (Zr-protein) induction in males and juveniles of oviparous vertebrates have been used as sensitive biomarkers for estrogenicity. Nonylphenol (NP) produces similar and parallel expression patterns of Vtg and Zr-protein levels in plasma and surface mucus of salmon, the response being concentration- and time-dependent. We have explored the potential mechanisms of Vtg and Zr-protein expression in surface mucus by comparative molecular and cellular approaches. Liver, skin, blood, and surface mucus samples were collected from fish exposed to a single waterborne concentration of NP (10 and 60 μg/l), 3, 7, and 10 days post-exposure, for gene expression analysis (liver and skin; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and protein analysis (blood and surface mucus; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Protein expression was localized by immunohistochemistry. NP produced concentration- and time-dependent increases of hepatic estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), Vtg, and Zr-protein mRNA and plasma protein levels. These responses paralleled cellular detection of Vtg and Zr-protein in the liver with unique expression patterns in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, hepatic sinusoids, and endothelial cells. ERα, Vtg, and Zr-protein mRNA were detectable in the skin. ERβ was the only skin response that was NP-concentration-dependent, especially at day 10 post-exposure. Immunohistochemistry for Vtg and Zr-protein in skin showed unique expression patterns in mucus vacuoles, epidermal cells, and scales in an NP-concentration- and time-specific manner. Thus, analysis of skin mRNA levels for xenoestrogen biomarker responses is a less-promising approach than protein analysis. The immunohistochemical localization of Vtg and Zr-protein levels in the skin further validates surface mucus as a sensitive biomarker source for estrogenic compounds. These responses represent an improvement for the detection of endocrine-disrupting compounds and related pollutants in the environment.
Starting Page	701
Ending Page	712
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0302766X
Journal	Cell and Tissue Research
Volume Number	331
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	14320878
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2007-12-21
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Non-invasive biomarker Skin Liver Immunohistochemistry Messenger RNA Endocrine disruptors Salmo salar Teleostei Molecular Medicine Proteomics Human Genetics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Histology Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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