NDLI: Pattern of occurrence of supraneural coelomopores and intertentacular organs in Gymnolaemata (Bryozoa) and its evolutionary implications

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The nervous system of Neodasys chaetonotoideus (Gastrotricha: Neodasys) revealed by combining confocal laserscanning and transmission electron microscopy: evolutionary comparison of neuroanatomy within the Gastrotricha and basal Protostomia

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Pattern of occurrence of supraneural coelomopores and intertentacular organs in Gymnolaemata (Bryozoa) and its evolutionary implications

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ostrovsky, Andrew N. Porter, Joanne S.
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	The evolution of bryozoan female gonopores (the supraneural coelomopore (SNP) and the intertentacular organ (ITO)) is considered in the light of two alternative hypotheses. In the first hypothesis it is proposed that the ITO originated from the shortening and fusion of two tentacles possessing terminal pore(s), with further transformation into a simple pore. In the alternative hypothesis it is suggested that the ITO evolved from a coelomopore with a contribution from the basal parts of two disto-medial tentacles in an ancestor. Favouring the second hypothesis, in this paper we present a hypothetical scenario, according to which the earliest gymnolaemate bryozoans with uniserial growth and a broadcasting reproductive pattern possessed the supraneural coelomopore (SNP). This could serve both as a female gonopore and as a conduit for sperm entry. Evolution of large colonies of closely packed zooids led to development of the tube-like intertentacular organ (ITO) that is formed by epithelial proliferation of the basal parts of two dorso-medial tentacles. This prevented egg swallowing in the situation when water exchange was hampered within the large colony. The ITO independently evolved in both ctenostome and cheilostome gymnolaemates when multiserial colonies appeared. Evolution of brooding in species with colonies of closely packed zooids led to reduction of the ITO, except for the cheilostomes Tendra and Thalamoporella that acquired brooding independently. A rudimentary ITO also “survived” in two ctenostomes with the “mixed” type of brooding. An alternative, analogous organ—the ovipositor—has evolved in the cheilostome taxon Schizoporella.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	15
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0720213X
Journal	Zoomorphology
Volume Number	130
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	1432234X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2011-02-18
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Gonopore Fertilization Spawning Evolution Bryozoa Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography Animal Anatomy / Morphology / Histology Evolutionary Biology Developmental Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Developmental Biology Animal Science and Zoology

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