NDLI: Viral latency drives ‘memory inflation’: a unifying hypothesis linking two hallmarks of cytomegalovirus infection

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Viral latency drives ‘memory inflation’: a unifying hypothesis linking two hallmarks of cytomegalovirus infection

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Seckert, Christof K. Grießl, Marion Büttner, Julia K. Scheller, Sabine Simon, Christian O. Kropp, Kai A. Renzaho, Angélique Kühnapfel, Birgit Grzimek, Natascha K. A. Reddehase, Matthias J.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Low public awareness of cytomegalovirus (CMV) results from the only mild and transient symptoms that it causes in the healthy immunocompetent host, so that primary infection usually goes unnoticed. The virus is not cleared, however, but stays for the lifetime of the host in a non-infectious, replicatively dormant state known as ‘viral latency’. Medical interest in CMV results from the fact that latent virus can reactivate to cytopathogenic, tissue-destructive infection causing life-threatening end-organ disease in immunocompromised recipients of solid organ transplantation (SOT) or hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). It is becoming increasingly clear that CMV latency is not a static state in which the viral genome is silenced at all its genetic loci making the latent virus immunologically invisible, but rather is a dynamic state characterized by stochastic episodes of transient viral gene desilencing. This gene expression can lead to the presentation of antigenic peptides encoded by ‘antigenicity-determining transcripts expressed in latency (ADTELs)’ sensed by tissue-patrolling effector-memory CD8 T cells for immune surveillance of latency [In Reddehase et al., Murine model of cytomegalovirus latency and reactivation, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 325. Springer, Berlin, pp 315–331, 2008]. A hallmark of the CD8 T cell response to CMV is the observation that with increasing time during latency, CD8 T cells specific for certain viral epitopes increase in numbers, a phenomenon that has gained much attention in recent years and is known under the catchphrase ‘memory inflation.’ Here, we provide a unifying hypothesis linking stochastic viral gene desilencing during latency to ‘memory inflation.’
Starting Page	551
Ending Page	566
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03008584
Journal	Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Volume Number	201
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14321831
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2012-09-19
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Antigen presentation CD8 T cells Cytomegalovirus Endothelial cells Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) Immune surveillance Latency-associated transcripts Latent infection Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells Memory inflation Memory T cells Viral latency Virus reactivation Medical Microbiology Immunology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Immunology and Allergy Immunology Microbiology (medical)

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