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Complex motor task associated with non-linear BOLD responses in cerebro-cortical areas and cerebellum

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Alahmadi, Adnan A. S. Samson, Rebecca S. Gasston, David Pardini, Matteo Friston, Karl J. D’Angelo, Egidio Toosy, Ahmed T. Wheeler Kingshott, Claudia A. M.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Previous studies have used fMRI to address the relationship between grip force (GF) applied to an object and BOLD response. However, whilst the majority of these studies showed a linear relationship between GF and neural activity in the contralateral M1 and ipsilateral cerebellum, animal studies have suggested the presence of non-linear components in the GF–neural activity relationship. Here, we present a methodology for assessing non-linearities in the BOLD response to different GF levels, within primary motor as well as sensory and cognitive areas and the cerebellum. To be sensitive to complex forms, we designed a feasible grip task with five GF targets using an event-related visually guided paradigm and studied a cohort of 13 healthy volunteers. Polynomial functions of increasing order were fitted to the data. Major findings: (1) activated motor areas irrespective of GF; (2) positive higher-order responses in and outside M1, involving premotor, sensory and visual areas and cerebellum; (3) negative correlations with GF, predominantly involving the visual domain. Overall, our results suggest that there are physiologically consistent behaviour patterns in cerebral and cerebellar cortices; for example, we observed the presence of a second-order effect in sensorimotor areas, consistent with an optimum metabolic response at intermediate GF levels, while higher-order behaviour was found in associative and cognitive areas. At higher GF levels, sensory-related cortical areas showed reduced activation, interpretable as a redistribution of the neural activity for more demanding tasks. These results have the potential of opening new avenues for investigating pathological mechanisms of neurological diseases.
Starting Page	2443
Ending Page	2458
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18632653
Journal	Anatomy and Embryology
Volume Number	221
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	18632661
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2015-04-29
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	fMRI Force MVC Power grip Visuomotor task Neurosciences Cell Biology Neurology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Anatomy Histology

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