NDLI: The micro1 gene is necessary and sufficient for micromere differentiation and mid/hindgut-inducing activity in the sea urchin embryo

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Yamazaki, Atsuko Kawabata, Rika Shiomi, Kosuke Amemiya, Shonan Sawaguchi, Masaya Mitsunaga Nakatsubo, Keiko Yamaguchi, Masaaki
Copyright Year	2005
Abstract	In the sea urchin embryo, micromeres have two distinct functions: they differentiate cell autonomously into the skeletogenic mesenchyme cells and act as an organizing center that induces endomesoderm formation. We demonstrated that micro1 controls micromere specification as a transcriptional repressor. Because micro1 is a multicopy gene with at least six polymorphic loci, it has been difficult to consistently block micro1 function by morpholino-mediated knockdown. Here, to block micro1 function, we used an active activator of micro1 consisting of a fusion protein of the VP16 activation domain and the micro1 homeodomain. Embryos injected with mRNA encoding the fusion protein exhibited a phenotype similar to that of micromere-less embryos. To evaluate micro1 function in the micromere, we constructed chimeric embryos composed of animal cap mesomeres and a micromere quartet from embryos injected with the fusion protein mRNA. The chimeras developed into dauerblastulae with no vegetal structures, in which the micromere progeny constituted the blastula wall. We also analyzed the phenotype of chimeras composed of an animal cap and a mesomere expressing micro1. These chimeras developed into pluteus larvae, in which the mesomere descendants ingressed as primary mesenchyme cells and formed a complete set of skeletal rods. The hindgut and a part of the midgut were also generated from host mesomeres. However, the foregut and nonskeletogenic mesoderm were not formed in the larvae. From these observations, we conclude that micro1 is necessary and sufficient for both micromere differentiation and mid/hindgut-inducing activity, and we also suggest that micro1 may not fulfill all micromere functions.
Starting Page	450
Ending Page	459
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0949944X
Journal	Development Genes and Evolution
Volume Number	215
Issue Number	9
e-ISSN	1432041X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2005-08-03
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Micromere specification Homeobox gene Active activator Transcriptional repressor VP16 activation domain Animal Genetics and Genomics Biochemistry Cell Biology Neurosciences Developmental Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Genetics Developmental Biology

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