NDLI: Combined caffeine and carbohydrate ingestion: effects on nocturnal sleep and exercise performance in athletes

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Miller, Ben O’Conr, Helen Orr, Rhonda Ruell, Patricia Cheng, Hoi Lun Chow, Chin Moi
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	In athletes, caffeine use is common although its effects on sleep have not been widely studied. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial investigated the effects of late-afternoon caffeine and carbohydrate-electrolyte (CEB) co-ingestion on cycling performance and nocturnal sleep.Six male cyclists/triathletes (age 27.5 ± 6.9 years) completed an afternoon training session (TS; cycling 80 min; 65 % VO2max) followed by a 5 kJ kg−1 cycling time trial (TT). Caffeine (split dose 2 × 3 mg kg−1) or placebo was administered 1 h prior and 40 min into the TS. A 7.4 % CEB (3 ml kg−1 every 15 min) was administered during the TS, followed 30 min after by a standardised evening meal. Participants retired at their usual bedtime and indices of sleep duration and quality were monitored via polysomnography. Data: mean ± SD.All participants performed better in the caffeine TT (caffeine 19.7 ± 3.3; placebo 20.5 ± 3.5 min; p = 0.006), while ratings of perceived exertion (caffeine 12.0 ± 0.6; placebo 12.9 ± 0.7; p = 0.004) and heart rate (caffeine 175 ± 6; placebo 167 ± 11 bpm; p = 0.085) were lower in the caffeine TS. Caffeine intake induced significant disruptions to a number of sleep indices including increased sleep onset latency (caffeine 51.1 ± 34.7; placebo 10.2 ± 4.2 min; p = 0.028) and decreased sleep efficiency (caffeine 76.1 ± 19.6; placebo 91.5 ± 4.2 %; p = 0.028), rapid eye movement sleep (caffeine 62.1 ± 19.6; placebo 85.8 ± 24.7 min; p = 0.028) and total sleep time (caffeine 391 ± 97; placebo 464 ± 49 min; p = 0.028).This study supports a performance-enhancing effect of caffeine, although athletes (especially those using caffeine for late-afternoon/evening training and competition) should consider its deleterious effects on sleep.
Starting Page	2529
Ending Page	2537
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14396319
Journal	European Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume Number	114
Issue Number	12
e-ISSN	14396327
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2014-08-13
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Caffeine Performance-enhancing substances Athletic performance Physical endurance Sleep Polysomnography Human Physiology Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Sports Medicine
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physiology (medical) Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sports Science

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