NDLI: Electrical stimulation and blood flow restriction increase wrist extensor cross-sectional area and flow meditated dilatation following spinal cord injury

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Gorgey, Ashraf S. Timmons, Mark K. Dolbow, David R. Bengel, Justin Fugate Laus, Kendall C. Michener, Lori A. Gater, David R.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	To examine the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and blood flow restricted (BFR) exercise on wrist extensors cross-sectional area (CSA), torque and hand functions compared NMES only in individuals with incomplete tetraplegia. The acute effect of an acute bout of NMES with BFR on flow mediated dilation (FMD) was compared with BFR only.Nine men completed 6 weeks twice weekly of bilateral NMES training of the wrist extensor muscles. The right forearm received NMES + BFR (30 % above the resting systolic blood pressure), while the left forearm received NMES only. The CSA of the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and extensor digitorum communis (EDC) muscles was measured on ultrasound images. Torque was measured isometrically and hand function with grasp and release test. Another eight men with SCI received NMES+BFR to the right forearm, while the left forearm received BFR only. Immediately, the FMD of the brachial artery was measured.Following training, the ECRL CSA was 17 % greater in the NMES+BFR forearm (mean difference = 0.6 cm2, p = 0.003) compared with the NMES only. The NMES+BFR had a 15 % increase in ECRL CSA (mean increase = 0.58 cm2, p = 0.048). FMD increased (p = 0.05) in the exercise arm (12 ± 3 %) compared with the control arm (6.5 ± 6 %).NMES training with BFR is a strategy that can increase skeletal muscle size. NMES with and without BFR can improve wrist strength and hand function. The acute effects of NMES+BFR may suggest that an increase in FMD may partially contribute to skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
Starting Page	1231
Ending Page	1244
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14396319
Journal	European Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume Number	116
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	14396327
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-05-07
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Spinal cord injury NMES Blood flow restriction Training Rehabilitation Human Physiology Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Sports Medicine
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physiology (medical) Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sports Science

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