NDLI: Small volume andesite magmas and melt–mush interactions at Ruapehu, New Zealand: evidence from melt inclusions

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kilgour, Geoff Blundy, Jon Cashman, Kathy Mader, Heidy M.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Historical eruptions from Mt. Ruapehu (New Zealand) have been small (<0.001 km3 of juvenile magma) and have often occurred without significant warning. Developing better modelling tools requires an improved understanding of the magma storage and transport system beneath the volcano. Towards that end, we have analysed the volatile content and major element chemistry of groundmass glass and phenocryst-hosted melt inclusions in erupted samples from 1945 to 1996. We find that during this time period, magma has been stored at depths of ~2–9 km, consistent with inferences from geophysical data. Our data also show that Ruapehu magmas are relatively H2O-poor (<2 wt%) and CO2-rich (≤1,000 ppm) compared to typical arc andesites. Surprisingly, we find that melt inclusions are often more evolved than their transporting melt (as inferred from groundmass glass compositions). Furthermore, even eruptions that are separated by less than 2 years exhibit distinct major element chemistry, which suggests that each eruption involved magma with a unique ascent history. From these data, we infer that individual melt batches rise through, and interact with, crystal mush zones formed by antecedent magmas. From this perspective, we envision the magmatic system at Ruapehu as frequently recharged by small magma inputs that, in turn, cool and crystallise to varying degrees. Melts that are able to erupt through this network of crystal mush entrain (to a greater or lesser extent) exotic crystals. In the extreme case (such as the 1996 eruption), the resulting scoria contain melt inclusion-bearing crystals that are exotic to the transporting magma. Finally, we suggest that complex interactions between recharge and antecedent magmas are probably common, but that the small volumes and short time scales of recharge at Ruapehu provide a unique window into these processes.
Starting Page	371
Ending Page	392
Page Count	22
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00107999
Journal	Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
Volume Number	166
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	14320967
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2013-05-25
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Andesite Volatile Melt inclusions Ruapehu Crystal mush Antecryst H2O CO2 Magma mixing Geology Mineral Resources Mineralogy
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geochemistry and Petrology Geophysics

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