NDLI: Melt shear rheology of carbon nanofiber/polystyrene composites

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Wang, Yingru Xu, Jianhua Bechtel, Stephen E. Koelling, Kurt W.
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	The rheological behavior and morphology of carbon nanofiber/polystyrene (CNF/PS) composites in their melt phase have been characterized both through experimental measurements and modeling. Composites prepared in the two different processes of solvent casting and melt blending are contrasted; melt-blended and solvent-cast composites were each prepared with CNF loadings of 2, 5, and 10 wt%. A morphological study revealed that the melt blending process results in composites with shorter CNFs than in the solvent-cast composites, due to damage caused by the higher stresses the CNFs encounter in melt blending, and that both processes retain the diameter of the as-received CNFs. The addition of carbon nanofiber to the polystyrene through either melt blending or solvent casting increases the linear viscoelastic moduli, G′ and G″, and steady-state viscosity, η, in the melt phase monotonically with CNF concentration, more so in solvent cast composites with their longer CNFs. The melt phase of solvent-cast composites with higher CNF concentrations exhibit a plateau of the elastic modulus, G′, at low frequencies, an apparent yield stress, and large first normal stress difference, N 1, at low strain rates, which can be attributed to contact-based network nanostructure formed by the long CNFs. A nanostructurally-based model for CNF/PS composites in their melt phase is presented which considers the composite system as rigid rods in a viscoelastic fluid matrix. Except for two coupling parameters, all material constants in the model for the composite systems are deduced from morphological and shear flow measurements of its separate nanofiber and polymer melt constituents of the composite. These two coupling parameters are polymer–fiber interaction parameter, σ, and interfiber interaction parameter, C I. Through comparison with our experimental measurements of the composite systems, we deduce that σ is effectively 1 (corresponding to no polymer–fiber interaction) for all CNF/PS nanocomposites studied. The dependence of CNF orientation on strain rate which we observe in our experiments is captured in the model by considering the interfiber interaction parameter, C I, as a function of strain rate. Applied to shear flows, the model predicts the melt-phase, steady-state viscosities, and normal stress differences of the CNF/PS composites as functions of shear rate, polymer matrix properties, fiber length, and mass concentration consistent with our experimental measurements.
Starting Page	919
Ending Page	941
Page Count	23
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00354511
Journal	Rheologica Acta
Volume Number	45
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	14351528
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2006-05-23
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Rheology Nanocomposite Carbon nanofiber Orientation tensor Nanostructure Mechanical Engineering Soft Matter, Complex Fluids Characterization and Evaluation Materials Polymer Sciences Food Science
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Mechanics of Materials Condensed Matter Physics Materials Science

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