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European Journal of Nutrition : Volume 54, Issue 1, Supplement,January 2015

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Dietary sugars: their detection by the gut–brain axis and their peripheral and central effects in health and diseases

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ochoa, Melissa Lallès, Jean Paul Malbert, Charles Henri Val Laillet, David
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Substantial increases in dietary sugar intake together with the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, as well as the parallels found between sugar overconsumption and drug abuse, have motivated research on the adverse effects of sugars on health and eating behaviour. Given that the gut–brain axis depends on multiple interactions between peripheral and central signals, and because these signals are interdependent, it is crucial to have a holistic view about dietary sugar effects on health.Recent data on the effects of dietary sugars (i.e. sucrose, glucose, and fructose) at both peripheral and central levels and their interactions will be critically discussed in order to improve our understanding of the effects of sugars on health and diseases. This will contribute to the development of more efficient strategies for the prevention and treatment for obesity and associated co-morbidities.This review highlights opposing effects of glucose and fructose on metabolism and eating behaviour. Peripheral glucose and fructose sensing may influence eating behaviour by sweet-tasting mechanisms in the mouth and gut, and by glucose-sensing mechanisms in the gut. Glucose may impact brain reward regions and eating behaviour directly by crossing the blood–brain barrier, and indirectly by peripheral neural input and by oral and intestinal sweet taste/sugar-sensing mechanisms, whereas those promoted by fructose orally ingested seem to rely only on these indirect mechanisms.Given the discrepancies between studies regarding the metabolic effects of sugars, more studies using physiological experimental conditions and in animal models closer to humans are needed. Additional studies directly comparing the effects of sucrose, glucose, and fructose should be performed to elucidate possible differences between these sugars on the reward circuitry.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	24
Page Count	24
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14366207
Journal	European Journal of Nutrition
Volume Number	54
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14366215
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2014-10-09
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Dietary sugars Gut–brain axis Sugar sensing Eating behaviour Reward circuitry Nutrition
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nutrition and Dietetics Medicine

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Dietary sugars: their detection by the gut–brain axis and their peripheral and central effects in health and diseases

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