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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Managave, S. R. Jani, R. A. Narayana Rao, T. Sunilkumar, K. Satheeshkumar, S. Ramesh, R. |
| Copyright Year | 2015 |
| Abstract | Evaporation of rain is known to contribute water vapor, a potent greenhouse gas, to the atmosphere. Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions (δ18O and, δD, respectively) of precipitation, usually measured/presented as values integrated over rain events or monthly mean values, are important tools for detecting evaporation effects. The slope ~8 of the linear relationship between such time-averaged values of δD and δ18O (called the meteoric water line) is widely accepted as a proof of condensation under isotopic equilibrium and absence of evaporation of rain during atmospheric fall. Here, through a simultaneous investigation of the isotopic and drop size distributions of seventeen rain events sampled on an intra-event scale at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E), southern India, we demonstrate that the evaporation effects, not evident in the time-averaged data, are significantly manifested in the sub-samples of individual rain events. We detect this through (1) slopes significantly less than 8 for the δD–δ18O relation on intra-event scale and (2) significant positive correlations between deuterium excess (d-excess = δD – 8*δ18O; lower values in rain indicate evaporation) and the mass-weighted mean diameter of the raindrops (D m ). An estimated ~44 % of rain is influenced by evaporation. This study also reveals a signature of isotopic equilibration of rain with the cloud base vapor, the processes important for modeling isotopic composition of precipitation. d-excess values of rain are modified by the post-condensation processes and the present approach offers a way to identify the d-excess values least affected by such processes. Isotope-enabled global circulation models could be improved by incorporating intra-event isotopic data and raindrop size dependent isotopic effects. |
| Starting Page | 981 |
| Ending Page | 987 |
| Page Count | 7 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 09307575 |
| Journal | Climate Dynamics |
| Volume Number | 47 |
| Issue Number | 3-4 |
| e-ISSN | 14320894 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Publisher Date | 2015-11-07 |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Stable isotopes d-excess Meteoric water line Convective rainfall Disdrometer Geophysics/Geodesy Climatology Oceanography |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Atmospheric Science |
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