NDLI: Faunal communities at sites of gas- and oil-bearing fluids in Lake Baikal

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Zemskaya, Tamara I. Sitnikova, Tatiana Y. Kiyashko, Sergei I. Kalmychkov, Gennady V. Pogodaeva, Tatiana V. Mekhanikova, Irina V. Naumova, Tatiana V. Shubenkova, Olga V. Chernitsina, Svetlana M. Kotsar, Oleg V. Chernyaev, Evgeny S. Khlystov, Oleg M.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Macro- and meiofaunal communities were examined at four geomorphologically distinct sites with different gas- and oil-bearing fluid characteristics in the northern, central and southern basins of Lake Baikal. All sites had elevated concentrations of bicarbonate, nitrate, sulphate and chloride ions in pore fluids, with highest values at the Frolikha vent. Elevated levels of iron ions were found in pore waters of the St. Petersburg methane seep and the Gorevoy Utes oil seep. The chemical composition of pore waters at the Malenky mud volcano was similar to that reported in earlier work. Consistent with published data, the Frolikha vent (northern basin) and the St. Petersburg methane seep (central basin) were characterised by methane of mixed genesis (thermogenic + biogenic), whereas the methane source was mainly thermogenic at the Gorevoy Utes oil seep (central basin) and biogenic at the Malenky mud volcano (southern basin). In contrast to marine seep ecosystems, the macrofauna was dominated only by amphipods, giant planarians and oligochaetes, whereas bivalves were absent; the meiofauna was similar to its marine counterpart, being dominated by nematodes, cyclops, harpacticoids and ostracods. A statistically significant positive relationship was revealed between faunal abundance and the availability of bacterial mats on seep sediments. Moreover, ANOVA tests showed significant increases in both meiozoobenthic and macrozoobenthic densities at “hot spot” vent/seep sites relative to discharge-free reference sites. The isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen at various trophic levels of these benthic vent/seep communities was found to differ markedly from that reported by earlier studies for the pelagic and other benthic food webs in Lake Baikal. As in marine seeps, the macrofauna had variable isotopic signatures. Light δ13C and δ15N values suggest the utilization of chemosynthetically fixed and/or methane-derived organic matter. By contrast, the heavy δ13C signatures of some mobile amphipods likely reflect consumption of photosynthetically derived carbon. These findings would at least partly explain why Lake Baikal is a notable outlier in global temperature–biodiversity patterns, exhibiting the highest biodiversity of any lake worldwide but at an extremely cold average temperature.
Starting Page	437
Ending Page	451
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02760460
Journal	Geo-Marine Letters
Volume Number	32
Issue Number	5-6
e-ISSN	14321157
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2012-07-05
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Geology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Science Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Oceanography

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