NDLI: Involvement of cis-Zeatin, Dihydrozeatin, and Aromatic Cytokinins in Germination and Seedling Establishment of Maize, Oats, and Lucerne

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Stirk, Wendy A. Václavíková, Kateřina vák, Ondřej Gajdošová, Silvia Kotland, Ondřej Motyka, Václav Strnad, Miroslav Staden, Johannes
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	The aims of this study were to monitor endogenous cytokinin levels during germination and early seedling establishment in oats, maize, and lucerne to determine which cytokinin forms are involved in these processes; to quantify the transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA)-bound cytokinins; and to measure cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) activity. Cytokinins were identified using UPLC-MS/MS. The predominant free cytokinins present in the dry seeds were dihydrozeatin-type (DHZ) in lucerne and maize and cZ-type (cis-zeatin) in oats. Upon imbibition, there was a large increase in cZ-type cytokinins in lucerne although the cZ-type cytokinins remained at high levels in oats. In maize, the high concentrations of DHZ-type cytokinins decreased prior to radicle emergence. Four tRNA-bound cytokinins [cis-zeatin riboside (cZR)>N 6-(2-isopentenyl)adenosine (iPR), dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR), trans-zeatin riboside (tZR)] were detected in low concentrations in all three species investigated. CKX activity was measured using an in vitro radioisotope assay. The order of substrate preference was N 6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine (iP)>trans-zeatin (tZ)>cZ in all three species, with activity fluctuating as germination proceeded. There was a negative correlation between CKX activity and iP concentrations and a positive correlation between CKX activity and O-glucoside levels. As O-glucosides are less resistant to CKX degradation, they may provide a readily available source of cytokinins that can be converted to physiologically active cytokinins required during germination. Aromatic cytokinins made a very small contribution to the total cytokinin pool and increased only slightly during seedling establishment, suggesting that they do not play a major role in germination.
Starting Page	392
Ending Page	405
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	07217595
Journal	Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
Volume Number	31
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	14358107
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2011-12-30
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	cis-Zeatin Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase Dihydrozeatin Lucerne Maize Oats tRNA degradation Agriculture Plant Physiology Plant Anatomy/Development Plant Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Plant Science Agronomy and Crop Science

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