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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Linterman, Michelle A. Vinuesa, Carola G. |
| Copyright Year | 2010 |
| Abstract | Follicular helper T cells have recently emerged as a separate CD4+ T helper lineage specialised in provision of help to B cells. They develop independently from Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells and are critical for humoral immunity, including the generation of long-lived and high affinity plasma cells and memory cells crucial for long-term protection against infections. A stepwise differentiation programme has emerged in which T cell receptor (TCR) signalling strength, CD28-mediated costimulation, B cell-derived inducible costimulator ligand signals, induction of c-maf and actions of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-21, lead to upregulation of the transcriptional repressor B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6) that drives T follicular helper (Tfh) cell differentiation. Bcl-6 turns on a repression programme that targets Blimp-1, transcriptional regulators of other helper lineages and microRNAs. Their concerted actions modulate expression of chemokine receptors, surface molecules and cytokines critical for follicular homing and B cell helper functions. Here, we review the nature of Tfh cells providing help to B cells during the two phases of B cell activation that occur in the outer T zone and, for some B cells, in germinal centres (GC). Recent insights into the signalling events that drive terminal differentiation of Tfh cells critical for selecting somatically mutated GC B cells and the consequences of Tfh dysregulation for immunodeficiency and autoimmune pathology are discussed. |
| Starting Page | 183 |
| Ending Page | 196 |
| Page Count | 14 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 18632297 |
| Journal | Springer Seminars in Immunopathology |
| Volume Number | 32 |
| Issue Number | 2 |
| e-ISSN | 18632300 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2010-01-27 |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Bcl-6 T follicular helper cells (Tfh) TCR signalling CD28 Costimulation ICOS IL-21 SAP (Sh2d1a) Internal Medicine Immunology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Immunology and Allergy Immunology |
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