NDLI: The influence of experience on risk taking: results from a common-garden experiment on populations of Eurasian perch

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Hellström, Gustav Magnhagen, Carin
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	Predation is often thought of as an unforgiving and strong selective force, quickly selecting against maladaptive behaviour in the prey. It is argued that experience is likely to have low influence on the phenotypic response to predation, as failing to react correctly to a predator may mean death to the prey and no second chance to learn and correct the behaviour. Individuals from different populations of Eurasian perch are known to differ in risk-taking behaviour. Variation in predation pressure has been suggested as a key factor causing these differences, but little is known about the underlying mechanism by which predation generates risk-taking phenotypes in perch. We compared the degree of boldness between two natural populations of Eurasian perch, living under different predation regimes, and the same populations hatched and reared under identical conditions, free from predation. By this common-garden approach, we sought to investigate patterns in the influence of inheritance and experience on boldness phenotype. The wild fish differed in risk taking, with fish from the low predation-risk population acting bolder than fish from the high-risk environment. In the reared fish, both populations behaved equally bold. Only the fish originating from the high predation population showed different behaviour when comparing wild and reared ecotypes. Our results suggest that experience has an important impact on the response to predators and that geographic variation in risk taking between populations of Eurasian perch to a high degree is shaped by adjustments to the current environment. Habituation had an effect of risk-taking behaviour over the experimental period, but consistent differences between individuals were also found. Furthermore, we also show, by the estimation of variance components, that the behaviour we observe is affected by a range of random effects, such as aquaria and group membership, that in concert shapes the behaviour of an individual perch.
Starting Page	1917
Ending Page	1926
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03405443
Journal	Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
Volume Number	65
Issue Number	10
e-ISSN	14320762
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2011-05-31
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Boldness Perca fluviatilis Population differences Predation risk Common Garden Adaptation Behavioural Sciences Evolutionary Biology Zoology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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