NDLI: Bacterial CMP-sialic acid synthetases: production, properties, and applications

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Mizanur, Rahman M. Pohl, Nicola L.
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	Sialic acids are abundant nine-carbon sugars expressed terminally on glycoconjugates of eukaryotic cells and are crucial for a variety of cell biological functions such as cell–cell adhesion, intracellular signaling, and in regulation of glycoproteins stability. In bacteria, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) polymers are important virulence factors. Cytidine 5′-monophosphate (CMP)-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase (CSS; EC 2.7.7.43), the key enzyme that synthesizes CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid, the donor molecule for numerous sialyltransferase reactions, is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotic systems. Herein, we emphasize the source, function, and biotechnological applications of CSS enzymes from bacterial sources. To date, only a few CSS from pathogenic bacterial species such as Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, group B streptococci, Haemophilus ducreyi, and Pasteurella hemolytica and an enzyme from nonpathogenic bacterium, Clostridium thermocellum, have been described. Overall, the enzymes from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria share common catalytic properties such as their dependency on divalent cation, temperature and pH profiles, and catalytic mechanisms. The enzymes, however, can be categorized as smaller and larger enzymes depending on their molecular weight. The larger enzymes in some cases are bifunctional; they have exhibited acetylhydrolase activity in addition to their sugar nucleotidyltransferase activity. The CSSs are important enzymes for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of various sialooligosaccharides of significance in biotechnology.
Starting Page	757
Ending Page	765
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01757598
Journal	Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Volume Number	80
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	14320614
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2008-08-21
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Sialic acid CMP-sialic acid synthetases Sugar nucleotide Microbial Genetics and Genomics Microbiology Biotechnology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Biotechnology

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