NDLI: Tetracyclines and Tetracycline Resistance in Agricultural Soils: Microcosm and Field Studies

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Tetracyclines and Tetracycline Resistance in Agricultural Soils: Microcosm and Field Studies

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Schmitt, Heike Stoob, Krispin Hamscher, Gerd Smit, Eric Seinen, Willem
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	The influence of the use of antibiotics on the prevalence of resistance genes in the environment is still poorly understood. We studied the diversity of tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes as influenced by fertilization with pig manure in soil microcosms and at two field locations. Manure contained a high diversity of resistance genes, regardless of whether it stemmed from a farm operation with low or regular use of antibiotics. In the microcosm soils, the influence of fertilization with manure was clearly shown by an increase in the number of resistance genes in the soil after manuring. Spiking of the tetracycline compounds to the microcosms had only little additional impact on the diversity of resistance genes. Overall, the tetracycline resistance genes tet(T), tet(W), and tet(Z) were ubiquitous in soil and pig slurries, whereas tet(Y), tet(S), tet(C), tet(Q), and tet(H) were introduced to the microcosm soil by manuring. The diversity of tetracycline and sulfonamide [sul(1), sul(2), and sul(3)] resistance genes on a Swiss pasture was very high even before slurry amendment, although manure from intensive farming had not been applied in the previous years. The additional effect of manuring was small, with the tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance diversity staying at high levels for the complete growth season. At an agricultural field site in Germany, the diversity of tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes was considerably lower, possibly reflecting regional differences in gene diversity. This study shows that there is a considerable pool of resistance genes in soils. Although it is not possible to conclude whether this diversity is caused by the global spread of resistance genes after 50 years of tetracycline use or is due to the natural background in soil resistance genes, it highlights a role that environmental reservoirs might play in resistance gene capture.
Starting Page	267
Ending Page	276
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00953628
Journal	Microbial Ecology
Volume Number	51
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	1432184X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2006-04-06
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Soil Science Ecology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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Tetracyclines and Tetracycline Resistance in Agricultural Soils: Microcosm and Field Studies