NDLI: Toxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles, ZnO Bulk, and ZnCl2 on Earthworms in a Spiked Natural Soil and Toxicological Effects of Leachates on Aquatic Organisms

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	García Gómez, C. Babin, M. Obrador, A. Álvarez, J. M. Fernández, M. D.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	The present study assessed the uptake and toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), ZnO bulk, and ZnCl2 salt in earthworms in spiked agricultural soils. In addition, the toxicity of aqueous extracts to Daphnia magna and Chlorella vulgaris was analyzed to determine the risk of these soils to the aquatic compartment. We then investigated the distribution of Zn in soil fractions to interpret the nature of toxicity. Neither mortality nor differences in earthworm body weight were observed compared with the control. The most sensitive end point was reproduction. ZnCl2 was notably toxic in eliminating the production of cocoons. The effects induced by ZnO-NPs and bulk ZnO on fecundity were similar and lower than those of the salt. In contrast to ZnO bulk, ZnO-NPs adversely affected fertility. The internal concentrations of Zn in earthworms in the NP group were greater than those in the salt and bulk groups, although bioconcentration factors were consistently <1. No relationship was found between toxicity and internal Zn amounts in earthworms. The results from the sequential extraction of soil showed that ZnCl2 displayed the highest availability compared with both ZnO. Zn distribution was consistent with the greatest toxicity showed by the salt but not with Zn body concentrations. The soil extracts from both ZnO-NPs and bulk ZnO did not show effects on aquatic organisms (Daphnia and algae) after short-term exposure. However, ZnCl2 extracts (total and 0.45-μm filtered) were toxic to Daphnia.
Starting Page	465
Ending Page	473
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00904341
Journal	Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Volume Number	67
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14320703
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2014-05-04
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Ecotoxicology Pollution Environmental Health Environmental Chemistry Soil Science & Conservation Environmental Monitoring/Analysis
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pollution Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Medicine Toxicology

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