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Genomics of Adaptation to Multiple Concurrent Stresses: Insights from Comparative Transcriptomics of a Cichlid Fish from One of Earth’s Most Extreme Environments, the Hypersaline Soda Lake Magadi in Kenya, East Africa

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Journal of Molecular Evolution : Volume 81, Issue 1-2, August 2015

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Genomics of Adaptation to Multiple Concurrent Stresses: Insights from Comparative Transcriptomics of a Cichlid Fish from One of Earth’s Most Extreme Environments, the Hypersaline Soda Lake Magadi in Kenya, East Africa

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kavembe, Geraldine D. Franchini, Paolo Irisarri, Iker Machado Schiaffi, Gonzalo Meyer, Axel
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	The Magadi tilapia (Alcolapia grahami) is a cichlid fish that inhabits one of the Earth’s most extreme aquatic environments, with high pH (~10), salinity (~60 % of seawater), high temperatures (~40 °C), and fluctuating oxygen regimes. The Magadi tilapia evolved several unique behavioral, physiological, and anatomical adaptations, some of which are constituent and thus retained in freshwater conditions. We conducted a transcriptomic analysis on A. grahami to study the evolutionary basis of tolerance to multiple stressors. To identify the adaptive regulatory changes associated with stress responses, we massively sequenced gill transcriptomes (RNAseq) from wild and freshwater-acclimated specimens of A. grahami. As a control, corresponding transcriptome data from Oreochromis leucostictus, a closely related freshwater species, were generated. We found expression differences in a large number of genes with known functions related to osmoregulation, energy metabolism, ion transport, and chemical detoxification. Over-representation of metabolism-related gene ontology terms in wild individuals compared to laboratory-acclimated specimens suggested that freshwater conditions greatly decrease the metabolic requirements of this species. Twenty-five genes with diverse physiological functions related to responses to water stress showed signs of divergent natural selection between the Magadi tilapia and its freshwater relative, which shared a most recent common ancestor only about four million years ago. The complete set of genes responsible for urea excretion was identified in the gill transcriptome of A. grahami, making it the only fish species to have a functional ornithine-urea cycle pathway in the gills—a major innovation for increasing nitrogenous waste efficiency.
Starting Page	90
Ending Page	109
Page Count	20
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00222844
Journal	Journal of Molecular Evolution
Volume Number	81
Issue Number	3-4
e-ISSN	14321432
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-09-07
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Alcolapia grahami RNAseq Urea cycle Gene expression Extremophile Evolutionary Biology Microbiology Plant Sciences Plant Genetics & Genomics Animal Genetics and Genomics Cell Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Genetics Molecular Biology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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Genomics of Adaptation to Multiple Concurrent Stresses: Insights from Comparative Transcriptomics of a Cichlid Fish from One of Earth’s Most Extreme Environments, the Hypersaline Soda Lake Magadi in Kenya, East Africa

Data from: Eco-morphological differentiation in Lake Magadi tilapia, an extremophile cichlid fish living in hot, alkaline and hypersaline lakes in East Africa (Dataset)

Gyrodactylus magadiensis n. sp. (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae) parasitising the gills of Alcolapia grahami (Perciformes, Cichlidae), a fish inhabiting the extreme environment of Lake Magadi, Kenya

Sizes, condition factors and sex ratios of the scattered populations of the small cichlid fish, Alcolapia grahami, that inhabits the lagoons and sites of Lake Magadi (Kenya), one of the most extreme aquatic habitat on Earth

Evolution of Fish in Extreme Environments : Insights from the Magadi tilapia (Alcolapia grahami)

Pronounced genetic differentiation of small, isolated and fragmented tilapia populations inhabiting the Magadi Soda Lake in Kenya

The lake magadi tilapia (oreochromis alcalicus grahami,.

Ionoregulatory strategies and the role of urea in the Magadi tilapia (Alcolapia grahami)

The structure of male reproductive organs in Lake Magadi Tilapia (Alcolapia grahami)

Genomics of Adaptation to Multiple Concurrent Stresses: Insights from Comparative Transcriptomics of a Cichlid Fish from One of Earth’s Most Extreme Environments, the Hypersaline Soda Lake Magadi in Kenya, East Africa

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Genomics of Adaptation to Multiple Concurrent Stresses: Insights from Comparative Transcriptomics of a Cichlid Fish from One of Earth’s Most Extreme Environments, the Hypersaline Soda Lake Magadi in Kenya, East Africa

Data from: Eco-morphological differentiation in Lake Magadi tilapia, an extremophile cichlid fish living in hot, alkaline and hypersaline lakes in East Africa (Dataset)

Gyrodactylus magadiensis n. sp. (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae) parasitising the gills of Alcolapia grahami (Perciformes, Cichlidae), a fish inhabiting the extreme environment of Lake Magadi, Kenya

Sizes, condition factors and sex ratios of the scattered populations of the small cichlid fish, Alcolapia grahami, that inhabits the lagoons and sites of Lake Magadi (Kenya), one of the most extreme aquatic habitat on Earth

Evolution of Fish in Extreme Environments : Insights from the Magadi tilapia (Alcolapia grahami)

Pronounced genetic differentiation of small, isolated and fragmented tilapia populations inhabiting the Magadi Soda Lake in Kenya

The lake magadi tilapia (oreochromis alcalicus grahami,.

Ionoregulatory strategies and the role of urea in the Magadi tilapia (Alcolapia grahami)

The structure of male reproductive organs in Lake Magadi Tilapia (Alcolapia grahami)

Genomics of Adaptation to Multiple Concurrent Stresses: Insights from Comparative Transcriptomics of a Cichlid Fish from One of Earth’s Most Extreme Environments, the Hypersaline Soda Lake Magadi in Kenya, East Africa