NDLI: Differential geodetic stereo SAR with TerraSAR-X by exploiting small multi-directional radar reflectors

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Gisinger, Christoph Willberg, Martin Balss, Ulrich Klügel, Thomas Mähler, Swetlana Pail, Roland Eineder, Michael
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	In this paper, we report on the direct positioning of small multi-directional radar reflectors, so-called octahedrons, with the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite TerraSAR-X. Its highest resolution imaging mode termed staring spotlight enables the use of such octahedron reflectors with a dimension of only half a meter, but still providing backscatter equivalent to 1–2 cm observation error. Four octahedrons were deployed at Wettzell geodetic observatory, and observed by TerraSAR-X with 12 acquisitions in three different geometries. By applying our least squares stereo SAR algorithm already tested with common trihedral corner reflectors (CRs), and introducing a novel differential extension using one octahedron as reference point, the coordinates of the remaining octahedrons were directly retrieved in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). Contrary to our standard processing, the differential approach does not require external corrections for the atmospheric path delays and the geodynamic displacements, rendering it particularly useful for joint geodetic networks employing SAR and GNSS. In this paper, we present and discuss both methods based on results when applying them to the aforementioned Wettzell data set of the octahedrons. The comparison with the independently determined reference coordinates confirms the positioning accuracy with 2–5 cm for the standard approach, and 2–3 cm for the differential processing. Moreover, we present statistical uncertainty estimates of the observations and the positioning solutions, which are additionally provided by our parameter estimation algorithms. The results also include our 1.5 m CR available at Wettzell, and the outcomes clearly demonstrate the advantage of the multi-directional octahedrons over conventional CRs for global positioning applications with SAR.
Starting Page	53
Ending Page	67
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09497714
Journal	Journal of Geodesy
Volume Number	91
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14321394
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-07-29
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Geolocation Differential positioning TerraSAR-X Geophysics/Geodesy Earth Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geophysics Geochemistry and Petrology Computers in Earth Sciences

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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