NDLI: The orthometric height and the holonomity problem

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Sansò, Fernando Vanícek, Petr
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	When height networks are being adjusted, many geodesists advocate the approach where the adjustment should be done by using geopotential numbers rather than the orthometric or normal heights used in practice. This is based on a conviction that neither orthometric nor normal heights can be used for the adjustment because these height systems are not holonomic, meaning–among other things–that height increments (orthometric or normal) when summed around a closed loop do not sum up to zero. If this was the case, then the two height systems could not be used in the adjustment; the non-zero loop closure would violate the basic, usually unspoken, assumption behind the adjustment, namely that the model claiming that height differences are observable is correct. In this paper, we prove in several different ways that orthometric and normal heights are theoretically just as holonomic as the geopotential numbers are, when they are obtained from levelled height differences using actual gravity values. This disposes of the argument that geopotential numbers should be used in the adjustment. Both orthometric and normal heights are equally qualified to be used in the adjustment directly.
Starting Page	225
Ending Page	232
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09497714
Journal	Journal of Geodesy
Volume Number	80
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	14321394
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2006-08-01
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Heights Holonomity Gravity Math. Applications in Geosciences Geophysics/Geodesy
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geophysics Geochemistry and Petrology Computers in Earth Sciences

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