NDLI: Alteration patterns and structural controls of the El Espino IOCG mining district, Chile

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Lopez, G. P. Hitzman, M. W. Nelson, E. P.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	The El Espino IOCG mining district is characterized by several mineralized bodies the largest of which is the El Espino deposit, which has an estimated geologic resource of 123 Mt at 0.66 % Cu and 0.24 g/t Au. Mineralized bodies are distributed in a 7 × 10 km2 area throughout a 1,000-m vertical section. They range from single veins to stockworks and breccias to manto-type deposits. The ore bodies are hosted primarily by volcanic, volcaniclastic, and sedimentary rocks of the Early Cretaceous Arqueros and Quebrada Marquesa formations, with a few mineralized zones within Late Cretaceous dioritic intrusions. The fault and vein architecture shows that El Espino IOCG system was localized within a dilatational jog along a major transtensional dextral fault system. Sodic alteration (albite) is the most extensive style of alteration in the district, and it is bounded by major NS–NNE trending faults. Sodic–calcic (epidote–albite) alteration occurs at deep to medium elevations (1,000–500 m) and grades inward into calcic alteration. Calcic alteration surrounds dioritic intrusions of the Llahuin plutonic suite. Significant iron oxides are associated with later calcic alteration associations (actinolite–epidote–hematite). The upper portions of the alteration system (0–500 m) display hydrolytic alteration associations with abundant hematite. Hydrolytic veins are feeders to zones of manto-type alteration and mineralization within favorable volcano-sedimentary lithologies that formed El Espino deposit. Sulfides are largely confined to calcic and hydrolytic alteration associations. Hydrothermal fluids responsible for hematite and sulfide mineralization had salinities between 32 and 34 wt% NaCleq and temperature of approximately 425 °C at an estimated depth of 3–4 km. Geochronological U–Pb and 40Ar/39Ar data indicate that hydrothermal alteration was coeval with magmatic intrusive activity. One particular dioritic intrusion (88.5 Ma) preceded the calcic stage (88.4 Ma), which was accompanied by iron oxide copper and gold mineralization. Hydrolytic alteration, related to economic iron oxide copper and gold mineralization, came immediately after at 87.9 Ma.
Starting Page	235
Ending Page	259
Page Count	25
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00264598
Journal	Mineralium Deposita
Volume Number	49
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	14321866
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2013-09-14
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Geology Mineral Resources Mineralogy
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geophysics Economic Geology Geochemistry and Petrology

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